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山东地炼大整合 能否终结各自为战困局?

2017-09-10 11:22:39   中国经济网

整合难题

“山东炼化能源集团处于前期筹备阶段,工商注册尚未完成。目前十多家地炼企业已表达出共同的整合意愿。”清源集团是组建山东炼化能源集团的主要发起单位之一,该集团一位高层坦言,参与企业数量众多,各方诉求不同,整合后新集团的经营方案至今尚未最终确定。

事实上,山东地炼在历史上已有多次整合的计划,但均因企业众多、布局分散、诉求各异等原因,未见实际的效果。

最初,山东地炼整合的动力是共同争取石油进口权和使用权。早在1999年4月,全国清理小炼油后山东保留下来的21家地炼企业参股组建了山东省石油化工有限公司。

十年后,2009年3月4日,山东省经贸委出台《山东省炼化工业调整振兴指导意见》,计划“以山东省石油化工有限公司为载体,整合省内地方炼油企业,组建山东省石油化工集团公司”。面对整合当时东营一位规模较大的地炼董事长直言,山东省炼化工业振兴的关键不在于是否整合,而在于是否能突破国家现有的石油体制。如若无法化解原油瓶颈,即使整合也无法改变现有的困局。

2015年后,山东诸多地方炼厂陆续获得了油权,大型企业又开始自发的整合,目标瞄向了上游原油集中采购和下游成品油销售。

2016年2月29日,东明石化董事长李湘平在济南市发起成立中国(独立炼厂)石油采购联盟。联盟由16家已经取得原油进口和使用资质的企业组成,试图实现集中采购、一致谈判、统一价格、集中结算、集中贷款、按各自配额分量使用。

同年,山东省石油化工集团又注册了“中安石油”。按照规划,山东京博控股将主导“中安石油”品牌的具体运作,整合6000座民营加油站,打造成山东地方石化行业零售终端的高端服务品牌。

王延婷指出,山东各地炼企业因装置不同、技术有别、产品各异,所需石油品种不尽相同。东明石化成立石油采购联盟后,截至目前,多数企业并未借助联盟大量采购,仍以自采为主;下游,“中安石油”由加油站数量最多的山东京博主导,也存在不同地炼之间权益划分问题,未见到有实际的整合行动。

山东地炼屡屡尝试始终没能形成紧密的共同体,却不断被大型石化巨头兼并收购。前几年,中国化工一举并购了正和集团、昌邑石化、华星石化、青岛安邦、济南长城等5家地炼;中化集团控股潍坊弘润570万吨产能;中海油吞并了山东海化。就在地炼纷纷获得油权后、2016年以来,又有高青宏远石化、石大科技石化有限公司、博兴天宏新能源化工、东营联合石化4家地炼被全国炼化龙头吞食。

根据山东省经信委的要求,山东炼化集团“要着眼提高产业集中度和综合竞争力,以关联性、统一性强的综合业务调整重组为切入点”,为行业进一步联合重组、集团化发展打下坚实基础。

事实上,十多个山东地炼此次自发组建山东炼化能源集团,证明了彼此有着共同的利益诉求和基本的联合意愿。东明石化董事长李湘平表示,前些年,东明石化生存环境艰难,销售终端建设一直没有顾及上。如今,企业前端架构基本完成,将把更多的精力放在了油气销售终端建设上。而山东清源集团一位高层也表示,油权取得后地炼企业最迫切需要解决的是下游终端销售的短板。由于加油站数量少,企业生产的相当一部分成品油只能被动卖给中石化、借其渠道销售。

针对数量众多、布局分散、诉求各异的山东地炼如何突破难以聚合的困局,山东省经信委经济运行局局长史玉明认为,目前只能从上游原油供给、下游成品油销售入手,政府将给予引导,但能否成行还要看企业自身意愿。

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