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山东地炼大整合 能否终结各自为战困局?

2017-09-10 11:22:39   中国经济网

作为山东炼油化工协会会长、此次整合主要发起方之一,东明石化董事长李湘平近年来一直推动着山东炼厂的整合。在李湘平看来,作为国家给予地炼企业原油进口配额7500万吨的条件,地炼企业淘汰了落后产能6000万吨。现在全国的地炼扩大规模的条件已经不具备了,“我们要把资源整合,合理规划资源装置进行充分利用,提升附加值。”

此次整合最初是十多家山东地炼自发、共同发起的,背后隐匿的却是山东地炼前所未有的一次产业危机。

山东省经信委经济运行局局长史玉明向《经济观察报》指出,“山东地炼企业自发进行整合、组建炼化能源集团,一是国家规划了七大产业基地,包括辽宁、江苏、河南等,却唯独没有山东,这些项目规模大、产业链长,是强有力的竞争对手;二是整个行业仍然产能过剩严重,加上环保政策日趋严格,淘汰部分产能大势所趋。”山东地炼企业正是在这一产业背景下产生了强烈的危机感。

根据国家发改委《石化产业规划布局方案》,“十三五”期间,中国石化产业布局将形成两大区域、三大领域(炼油、烯烃、芳香烃)和七大基地(大连长兴岛、河北曹妃甸、江苏连云港、上海漕泾、浙江宁波、广东惠州、福建古雷)。这七大产业基地原油加工产能最少的也在1600万吨/年,最高的可达4000万吨/年;他们均是炼化一体,产业链长、规模优势明显。

在山东炼油化工协会一份内部文件中历数着地方炼厂的不足:原料受制约、成品油销售渠道不畅;创新能力总体不足;单厂和单套装置规模偏低;一体化水平低,抗风险能力差;能耗、环保压力较大等。

石化产业是典型的规模经济。经过新一轮淘汰落后产能以后,目前山东地炼规模普遍只有200万吨到500万吨,即使规模最大的东明石化淘汰600万吨产能后也仅剩约900万吨产能。

同时,上述文件还指出,“乙烯的产能代表着一个国家或地区石油化学工业发展的水平。国内外大型石化公司的炼油装置一般都配套相应规模的乙烯和大规模的精深加工产能。我省地方炼化企业至今没有乙烯装置进行配套,主产品仅是汽柴油,化工产品占比太小,炼化一体化水平低,产业链条短,这与我省地方炼化1亿多吨的炼油能力极不相称,严重制约了行业的转型升级。”“山东地炼企业数目众多、规模较小、产业链短,根本无法与体型硕大、炼化一体的七大石化基地相抗衡。”金联创分析师王延婷指出,目前山东地炼4成产品出售给中石化、中石油,其余6成在国内销售。可一旦七大石化基地建成,山东地炼成品油无论是南下还是北上均会遇到竞争对手强有力的阻击,甚至是反击,未来企业的生存将面临前所未有的严峻挑战。

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