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并购重组市场重新回归理性

2017-09-07 19:36:46   中国经济网

2014年至2016年间,随着定向增发等多重工具的应用,A股市场并购重组盛行,部分上市公司为追逐市场热点、炒概念、做高股价,不惜高溢价收购,促使A股上市公司商誉不断膨胀。通俗地说,在过去狂热的并购重组“泡沫”下,各方过于乐观地估计了并购重组企业之间的“化学反应”,以为一加一肯定大于二,甚至大于三。实际上随着忽悠式重组“泡沫”的破灭,近期不断出现商誉减值致业绩下滑甚至变脸的案例。部分游戏、VR、影视、互联网金融等轻资产类并购重组,打散标的资产股权的“绕道借壳”案例暗藏拖累上市公司业绩的重要风险。

摩根士丹利华鑫基金相关研究人员表示,商誉急剧变动对上市公司业绩来说潜在风险不小。尤其是作为近年来并购重组最为活跃的板块,中小板和创业板可能受到商誉减值的影响最大。监管层对相关情况提升关注度,一系列并购重组举措强化业绩补偿监管,旨在引导市场估值回归。

并购重组新规实施1年来,随着审核力度的加大,忽悠式重组、所谓的轻资产借壳、“绕道借壳”、商誉减值等现象有所减少。今年1至5月,并购重组的上会企业数量分别为10家、6家、14家、11家、11家,6月上会企业数量增加至26家,7月份达21家。仅7月22日至7月28日这一周,证监会就审结并发放了18家上市公司批文。业内人士表示,这并非监管部门有意控制节奏,而是在过滤掉忽悠式重组等不合规重组案例后,更注重满足正常市场需求,与季节性因素和环境有关。随着“脱虚向实”政策导向进一步落实,涉及产业整合、国企混合所有制改革等实体经济领域的并购重组将迎良机。

  简化程序不是降低标准

2014年以来,证监会在并购重组市场化改革方面采取了一系列措施,包括取消简化并购重组行政审批,目前90%的上市公司并购重组项目已经无需证监会审批。

从并购重组审核通过率看,截至7月底,今年以来证监会共审核约99家企业的并购重组申请,其中约有7家未能通过审核,通过率约为92%;约有57家企业无条件通过,剩下大约35家企业为有条件通过。

“监管层保持谨慎的态度去调节并购市场的套利行为,借壳交易和跨界并购等形式在未来的并购市场将更加困难。总结起来,2016年下半年是并购重组市场政策持续收紧的时期,而简化并购程序和支持产业并购从另一个层面体现出并购市场化改革的进步。”韩青璐说。

简化并购重组审核程序不是降低标准。证监会副主席姜洋此前曾表示,证监会系统正加速完善并购重组监管,完善并购重组市场化机制,包括改革定价机制,丰富要约收购履约保证方式,增加并购重组支付工具等。

展望未来,韩青璐表示,随着近期中国联通混合所有制改革、中国神华及国电电力等大型国企并购案例出现,并购重组作为国企混合所有制改革重要工具的逻辑越发清晰。监管层在2016年以来大幅简化并购重组行政审批,鼓励基于产业整合的并购重组,严格重组上市要求,加强并购重组监管。这一松一紧有效促进资源优化配置,有力支持国企改革、产业升级,同时并购重组市场的刚性需求将持续存在,可以预见未来并购重组市场将回归暖意。

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