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中国留学生海归调查:“人才顺差”世纪拐点

2017-09-07 07:22:09   中国经济网

数据显示,以2012届国外读研毕业生为例,当年有意愿回国的占36%;留在国外短期工作的占33%;留在国外长期工作的占14%;不确定的占17%。但三年后,实际回到中国工作的留学生比例则超过65%。

针对为何海外留学毕业生归国存在3年缓冲期的疑问,毕业于美国密苏里州立大学的宋博告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,美国对于STEM专业领域内(科学、科技、工程、数学专业)的毕业生有特殊的照顾政策,比如提供推荐信,延长实习期等,导致部分留学生在毕业后不急于或者不能及时回到祖国。“但两三年以后,随着实习期结束,回国的群体效应就会显现出来。”

海外人才专属发展平台Lockin China联合全球名校中国职业发展联盟(GUCCU),以及招聘兄弟会发布的《2017海外人才就业分析报告》显示,54.8%的海归主要看重国内经济形势发展好,还有超过40%的人认为家庭、朋友圈都在国内,因此选择归国发展。

该报告显示,导致留学生回国的另一个因素是美国、英国以及澳洲移民政策收紧,留学生毕业后难以留在留学国家继续发展。而美国、英国和澳洲留学的学生就占比超过56%,因此造成了大批的海外留学生归国的现象。报告预计,2017年的归国人数预计突破60万,这个数字将明显超过今年出国留学的总人数。

国际人才蓝皮书《中国留学发展报告(2016)》的调查数据不仅佐证了麦可思的调查,而且其报告还显示:国外读研毕业生三年后超过半数居住在直辖市,发展优于国内读研毕业生。

“三年后,这些毕业生的主要去向是工作、继续深造和自主创业,海外读研的毕业生自主创业的比例要远高于国内读研的毕业生。”苗绿说。

留学人才回国比例逐年递增的同时,海外留学毕业生归国以后境况如何?他们的薪资水平是一个比较公允的瞭望指标。

教育部留学服务中心的调查则显示,在其受访过的留学回国人员中,大约50%的受访者期望月收入在5000~10000元。具有不同学位留学人员的期望收入水平和其自身学位的高低呈现正相关关系。在具有博士学位的留学归国人员群体中,约三成受访者期望月收入在10000~30000元。

从结果来看,与国内毕业生相比,海外留学生拿到手的薪资更具竞争力。

全球化智库(CCG)与智联招聘发布的《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》显示,22.7%的海归税后月收入为6001~8000元,8001~10000元、10001~20000元的海归分别占比13.0%和13.7%,20001元及以上的占5.8%,这就意味着,超过五成的留学回国人员月薪水平在6000元以上。

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