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中国留学生海归调查:“人才顺差”世纪拐点

2017-09-07 07:22:09   中国经济网

若将时间追溯至2006年,“逆差”更大,当年回国人数仅为4.2万人,但2003年有多少人出国留学呢?多达11.73万人,差值达到7.53万人。

但情况在2011年发生了彻底改变。具体来看,2011年当年,留学回国人员总数为18.62万人,倒推至3年前的2008年,我国出国留学人数为17.98万人,两者出现“顺差”0.64万人,随后几年,这一趋势得以延续,留学回国人员始终居多。2012年~2016年的差值分别为4.39万人、6.85万人、2.48万人、0.94万人、1.85万人。

若将单个出国留学人员的归国迟滞期设置为4年和3年,则这一拐点期均在2010年便已经到来。

除了回流率,另一大标志是,2010年以来,中国出国留学人员增长率与留学回国人员增长率间的差距也在逐步缩小,甚至在2016年出现了“逆转”。

教育部公布的数据显示,2016年,我国出国留学人员54.45万人,比2015年增加了2.08万人,同比增长3.97%;留学回国人员43.25万人,比2015年增加了2.34万人,同比增长5.72%。留学回国人员增长率首次超过出国留学人员,高出1.7个百分点。

可供对比的是,在世纪之初的2001年,出国留学人员增长率比留学回国人员高81个百分点。

中国与全球化智库秘书长苗绿总结说,1978年以来,无论是人员数量还是增速,我国留学回国人员与出国留学人员长期处于大幅“逆差”状态。“然而当前,学成归国留学生总人数明显增加,与出国留学人员间的差距逐步缩小。“随着国内经济发展和就业领域的不断拓宽,未来这种趋势会越来越明显。”

薪资待遇:半数以上留学生薪资达到预期

留学回国人才在薪资水平上更具竞争力。调查显示,2012届国外读研毕业生归国三年后的月均收入,比同届国内读研毕业生高2102元。

如果说,留学人才回流率的统计仅仅是从宏观层面描绘我国海外留学人员的一个流动状态。那么,麦可思针对海外留学毕业生归国意愿的相关调查,则可以更加直观地反映出近年来中国海外留学生围绕归国问题的立场变化。

麦可思对2011届和2012届国外读研毕业生的跟踪调查数据显示,越来越多的国外读研毕业生三年后选择归国就业。

其数据显示,2012届的海外留学毕业生,在毕业三年后有65%居住地在中国内地,比2011届上升了3个百分点。

有意思的是,麦可思还就2012届海外读研毕业生半年后回国意愿做了调查,结论是:2012届留学生在毕业后直接选择回国的人员比例要明显低于毕业三年后归国人员的比例。

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