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不良贷款西进北上 中信银行东北地区不良率高达4.23%

2017-09-06 09:26:58   中国经济网

招商银行提供的数据显示,今年上半年,该行共处置不良177.91亿元,其中常规核销88.48亿。平安银行、中信银行的核销力度更大,上半年核销不良贷款188.90亿元、同比增长73.18%;重组贷款余额263.74亿元,较上年末增幅13.38%,中信银行的核销规模也达到了189.21亿元。

除了核销外,银行也在加大转让、清收力度。截至今年6月底,平安银行收回不良资产44.01亿元,同比增长66.52%。中信银行同期处置不良贷款本金达289.61亿元,其中清收103.73亿元。招行的清收规模也达到49.1亿元。

“无还款意愿的客户,要软硬兼施,运用合法手段让对方回到谈判桌,同时调动各方力量,寻找更多财产线索,抵押物或财产处置中协调更多资金方,实现价值最大化。”平安银行人士对第一财经说,对有还款意愿但资金困难的客户,要主动寻找渠道,帮其盘活资产,帮客户摆脱困境,与客户实现共赢。

不良资产证券化的开启,也为银行提供了不良资产处置新途径。半年报数据显示,招行上半年就完成不良资产证券化12.36亿元。2016年以来,该行已发行不良资产证券化20.36 亿元。今年7月,该行再次发行2.1亿元不良资产证券。Wind数据显示,截至2017年7月中旬,银行间市场累计发行了19单不良ABS产品,总规模为205.4亿元,涉及的不良资产总额则超过600亿元。

向不良贷款要利润

不良资产规模增加、盈利压力增大,对银行来说,不良资产处置不仅是化解风险,还是一大利润来源。在此背景下,银行对不良贷款回收率预期提高,自主清收的意愿更强。

不良资产证券化虽然拓宽了处置途径,但目前发行规模仍然有限,而且价格也较低。招商银行今年7月发行的17和萃2不良资产证券化产品,发行规模2.1亿元,基础资产涉及259 户借款人,640 笔资产,全部未偿贷款本息5.08亿元,但发行金额却只有2.1亿元,仅相当于基础资产原值的4折。

兴业银行发行的17兴瑞1产品,发行金额甚至基础资产的1折。发行说明书显示,该产品基础资产涉及61370 户借款人,63829 笔资产,全部未偿贷款本息费总额为16.19亿元,发行金额为1.59亿元,不到基础资产值的10%。

某股份银行前高层对第一财经称,将不良资产打包转让,往往要在原值的基础上打折,最高的四、五折,最低的甚至连一折都不到。化解风险的同时也遭受损失,对银行并不划算。

“不良资产利润空间很大,但价格下行压力也很大,交易风险上升,买卖双方的价格分歧往往也很大。”上述股份制银行人士说,不良资产市场看起来火爆,但交易其实并没有那么活跃。尤其是打包转让、出售,银行的损失一半较大。

这促使银行倾向于自主清收,向不良资产要利润。平安银行人士对第一财经称,该行在不良资产处置方面,通过完善考核机制,资产质量问题严重的经营单位,全部一体化管理,不考核业务增长,而是考核不良资产消化。并通过产品体系、专家介入,量化审批等方式,提升不良资产处理能力。

“运用‘冰棍’、‘苹果’、‘小鸡’、‘根雕’四大理论,对资产进行分类,综合考虑时间成本、风险成本等因素,找准时机完成处置回收。”平安银行人士称,所谓“冰棍”,意思是恶性不良贷款处理行动要快,否则就像冰棍一样化掉。“苹果”则是指将烂资产处置,好资产包装优化。“小鸡”则是对有成长性的资产进行培育,静待处置时机;“根雕”意指对具有内在价值的资产,精雕细琢,提升资产价值。

平安银行人士还称,与传统的处置手段相比,该行坚持“三多三少”,多方共赢,多撮合、多盘活、多利用平台;少协议抵债、少协议抵债返租、少好坏搭配出售,力图实现最好的处置效果。

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