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央企重组从分到合:总数已减半 更注重重组效果

2017-09-05 09:22:10   中国经济网

“两家行业内的龙头企业合并,这在2000年代肯定不会发生。”国资问题研究专家祝波善表示,2010年之前央企重组主要是强势企业兼并弱势企业,目的是希望打造出更多的世界500强企业,同时保持行业内的一定竞争。如2009年中国联通和中国网通合并为新的中国联合网络通信集团有限公司,形成中国移动、中国联通、中国电信三足鼎立的竞争格局。

此轮央企重组为何会出现两家龙头企业的合并?民生证券研究院院长管清友等人联合撰文指出,目前国内面临严重的产能过剩,必须依靠出口和产能输出来化解,在国际市场萎缩的背景下,只有通过提升企业的国际竞争力才能实现出口的高增长。强强联合的方式短期内可以避免内部的恶性竞争,打造国家品牌,对“走出去”效果最为明显。

“目前央企的整合,一是纵向打通上下游产业链,二是强强联合,横向上合并同类企业。”白英姿在前述媒体通气会上表示,这种联合有益于企业发挥规模效应,解决重复投资、同质化发展的问题,避免企业过度竞争和恶性竞争,还能促使企业集中资源形成合力,尽快向高端方向发展。

从产业链角度进行重组

今年的全国两会上,国资委主任肖亚庆强调,2017年国企改革的重点任务之一,就是深入推动央企重组,特别是在钢铁、煤炭、重型装备、火电行业,“不重组是不行的”。“前几年同类企业该合并的都合并了,现在剩下来的同类企业不是太多。下一步更多的还是从产业链的角度进行重组。”祝波善说道。

李长安解释道,过去央企在发展过程中,规模越做越大,一些业务产生了交叉,出现了重复建设、产能过剩的问题。此外,像煤炭、电力这类位于产业链上游的国有企业,大多处于垄断地位,对市场的反应速度比较慢。当市场对下游的某种产品需求降低时,国有企业可能难以及时反应过来,也容易导致产能过剩。“产能过剩不仅是中国有,国外也有。”李长安说道。

8月28日,发电企业中国国电与煤炭企业神华集团的重组案终于尘埃落定。根据公告,神华集团吸收合并国电集团,双方上市公司成立火电合资公司,由国电电力控股。国电电力表示,此次交易将两家企业位于山西、内蒙古、辽宁、江苏、浙江、安徽、宁夏、新疆等业务重合度较高的火电资产进行整合,将大幅减少同业竞争。交易完成后,两家企业将形成长期稳定的煤炭供应关系,充分发挥煤电产业链的协同效应;实现在发电领域的优势互补,避免重复投资,降低产能过剩风险。

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