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交行研究员何飞:比特币这一波疯涨背后的六大风险
2017-09-03 09:20:52 中国经济网
为防范比特币风险,笔者建议监管层采取以下具体措施:
一是再次通过发文方式提示比特币风险。2013年12月,央行等五部委发布了《关于防范比特币风险的通知》(以下简称《通知》),认为比特币并非真正意义上的货币,而是一种虚拟商品,普通民众在互联网上交易比特币时,应当以风险自担为前提。在《通知》下发后,国内比特币市场经历了两年多的低迷期。然而,进入2016年,比特币价格再次大涨,全年涨幅达200%。2017年,比特币市场近乎“疯狂”,半年最高涨幅达202%。在此情况下,笔者建议央行等监管部门再次发文提示比特币风险,并着重说明比特币的属性、与区块链的关系以及具体风险类型等。
二是通过监管交易平台间接监管比特币。《通知》明确指出,比特币交易平台网站,应当按规定依法在电信管理机构备案,并切实履行识别客户身份、报告可疑交易等反洗钱义务。今年年初,央行上海总部、北京营业管理部等监管部门约谈比特币交易平台负责人,了解平台具体运行情况,并进一步提示可能存在的风险,要求平台做好自查自纠工作。在此意义上,建议监管层加快推进比特币交易平台管理办法及反洗钱规范文件。
三是加快央行数字货币研发进程及应用。法定数字货币是主流发展方向,其在降低交易成本、防范通货膨胀、提高交易效率、遏制洗钱行为等方面将发挥重要作用。在此意义上,未来取代黄金的可能不是比特币,而是中央银行主导的数字货币。事实上,近几年央行在推动法定数字货币研发及应用上,可谓不遗余力。早在2014年,央行便针对法定数字货币成立专门研究小组。2016年初,央行首次对外公布数字货币发行目标。今年春节前后,央行数字货币研究所正式挂牌,其主导的基于区块链的数字票据交易平台成功测试。基于此,建议央行进一步加快数字货币研发及应用。一方面,法定数字货币的面市,将促使民众更为理性地看待比特币等虚拟货币。另一方面,法定数字货币的正统性、稳定性,决定了其流通的广泛性,从而能够压缩比特币等虚拟货币的不正当交易空间,比特币交易市场将进一步得到规制。
(作者系交通银行金融研究中心高级研究员,本文仅代表个人观点,不代表所在单位意见。)
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