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ICO将纳入监管:终结非理性繁荣 业内关注谁来管

2017-09-03 09:00:51   中国经济网

根据一份国内主要ICO项目收益榜单显示,截至2017年8月25日,量子链涨幅达47倍,公信宝涨幅达36倍,币安涨幅达20倍(注:量子链、公信宝、币安皆为代币名称)。

同时,ICO面临的风险也是多样性的。

“首先,目前绝大部分ICO项目都处于概念阶段,对于投资者而言风险是巨大的。其次,ICO目前还未得到法律保护,也就是说投资者如果被骗,很难追回损失。然后是规范性,即目前相关法律法规的缺失,让整个市场处于鱼龙混杂状态。最后,投资者的盲目热情,极大地消耗了整个区块链行业的未来信心。”孔祥辉称。

北京金诚同达(上海)律师事务所区块链法律事务律师张烽则表示,主要的风险在于有不少名义上打着ICO旗号实质为违规发行证券、债券、募集基金,甚至非法集资,传销活动冲击金融监管秩序,侵害投资者权益。针对ICO和数字资产交易所中所逐渐累积的风险,适时出台监管是必要的。对正规区块链应用是一个利好。

监管“谁来管”

8月28日,北京市网贷行业协会对外发布了《ICO风险提示函》,规劝网贷行业协会会员、观察员回避ICO相关项目。其中提到,相关交易平台由于没有明确获得法律授予的合法身份,经营主体在经营资格上和相关税务等法律问题上也存在着稽查风险。

业内普遍认为,ICO纳入监管是一定的,而谁来管、怎么管尚未明确,这也成为业界关注的焦点。

张烽律师认为,由于ICO以及比特币具有一定的货币属性,具有支付功能,目前我国是以人民银行牵头监管。如果ICO中涉及属于发行证券性质的行为,那应该由证监会来处理。

由于ICO的全球性、无国界等特点,因此也加大了监管的难度。

OKCoin币行副总裁田颖认为,ICO的监管,首先是明确法理定性。对ICO的企业进行登记式管理、对ICO募集的代币进行公开透明的托管管理,项目发起方、代币流通平台、第三方宣传机构,对项目真实性需要加强考察,增加投资者风险教育,有效控制风险。这些监管办法都可以在定性后执行。也有很多法学专家建议参考英国、新加坡推行的金融科技沙盒监管系统,将创新和风险间的矛盾最小化。

对于监管上的难点,张烽表示,难点在于确立区块链技术应用的行业标准,即到底什么样的项目属于正规项目,这个可能需要有一个过程,因为技术本身以及业务模式尚处于成熟中。“但我们当前可以针对一些明显的违法性行为,即其本身并不属于创新性的区块链应用项目,只是打着ICO旗号而实质上是传统融资性项目,有些发行的代币其实就是证券,这种行为应该纳入正常监管。”他说。

对于监管的影响,田颖表示,短期来看对目前市场是有一定的冲击,长期来看则是利于整个数字资产行业的持续、健康发展,真正做到让市场先健康,再高效。此外,监管也会使优质的项目能够呈现其价值。

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