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新竞争态势下现“焦虑症”地产央企第二梯队夹缝求生

2017-09-01 07:26:53   中国经济网

进击者寻求跨进第一梯队

行业龙头不遗余力地扩大规模,在第二梯队中,亦有“玩家”放言要实现年销售千亿级门槛的跨越,采用“进击”的姿势抵御被吞并的风险,中国金茂(00817,HK)和鲁能集团则是其中的代表。

8月24日,中国金茂披露的2017中期报告显示,期内其累计取得城市及物业开发销售签约额人民币241.08亿元,同比增长约16%。“中国金茂到2019年要实现千亿销售额,跻身房企第一梯队。”在2017年半年业绩说明会上,中国金茂执行董事兼首席执行官李从瑞放出豪言。

“避免被整合只能做大做强,使自己具备可持续发展能力。目前房地产行业集中度提高,我判断未来3年内将出现2~3家万亿级企业,30家左右千亿级企业,剩下的无论是央企还是民企,规模都会非常小,极有可能被整合掉。”同策咨询研究部总监张宏伟认为。

“跨越千亿级”有可能成为第二梯队企业命运的岔口。在这种情况下,距离第一梯队差距更小的鲁能集团发起了攻势。2016年4月,广宇发展(000537,SZ)宣布停牌,拟向控股股东鲁能集团等发行股份购买资产并向其他投资者发行股份募集配套现金,向重组发起第三次攻势,终在近日以鲁能集团取消87.29亿元募资后被证监会无条件放行。

急于注入上市公司,与鲁能集团的资金压力及房地产市场环境不无联系。鲁能集团2017年度跟踪评级报告显示,其2016年仍保持较大土地购置规模和项目开工量,“存在着较大的对外融资压力”,期内总债务同比增长73.28%至386.14亿元。而同时,鲁能集团的房地产业务毛利率受到结转项目土地成本上升的影响,2016年同比下降10.31个百分点至33.85%。

“小而美”企业能否独善其身

在第二梯队中,也有一批企业更倾向于防守。比如中粮集团的寻求内部整合,葛洲坝集团想要差异化竞争取胜。

8月21日晚间,大悦城地产(00207,HK)发布公告称,“为整合资源及提升中粮集团有限公司房地产业务效率”,中粮地产(000031,SZ)正探索收购大悦城地产控股权益或收购持有大悦城地产有关控股权益直接控股公司的股权的可能性。

中粮集团此举是否是以整合内部资源的方式寻求扩张或防守?8月22日,中粮地产回应《每日经济新闻》记者称,重组的背景是在中粮集团2016年披露《国有资本投资公司改革方案》,要重点打造18家专业化公司之下提出的。

“一些较大规模的央企房地产业务有意寻求并购其他央企的地产资产,内部整合后,资产规模增加有利于寻求并购,另外,也有政府推动和消除企业内部同业竞争的因素。”张宏伟向《每日经济新闻》记者分析认为。

除内部整合以增强自身实力外,也有一些企业保持着“小而美”。葛洲坝(600068,SH)2016年年度报告显示,期内其房地产业务实现营收98.99亿元,同比增长53.18%,毛利率为20.98%,较上年减少5.14%。据葛洲坝相关人士向《每日经济新闻》记者介绍,其房地产业务板块坚持“人无我有,人有我优”原则,致力于围绕“绿色、健康、智慧、环保”,打造“5G科技”产品,相较于规模,其更注重追求高质量。

“从利润角度来说,‘小而美’也挺好,但房地产市场已从增量房迈入存量房阶段,‘小而美’的企业可能会失去规模化发展机会,很难再做大,只能是维持现状。”张宏伟认为。

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