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央企地产商分化为三大梯队 面临存量与改革双重考验

2017-09-01 07:26:55   中国经济网

【编者按】自2010年国资委出台央企“退房令”以来,21家获准开展地产业务的央企及诸多退出地产业务的央企逐渐分化。央企地产版图已形成三大梯队,从跻身地产千亿俱乐部的巨头到向着千亿疾步迈进的追赶者再到即将被清退地产业务的企业,三大梯队均面临着不同的机遇与挑战。

每经实习记者 冯颖祎 每经编辑 曾健辉

联通混改、国电神华合体、保利兼并轻工集团和工艺集团、中粮集团地产板块整合。今年8月,央企改革的重磅消息频出,随着央企改革进程的加快和房地产市场进入存量时代,央企地产板块的改革速度也在提速。

“央企做地产的传统优势已经逐步淡化。”业内人士分析坦言,随着新存量时代的来临和三大梯队的分化盘整,央企房地产板块重组预期也不断加强,中国企业研究院资深研究员李锦接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示,地产版块重组和合并,这是央企改革中的一个重要方面,改革到最后阶段,将形成向几家以房地产为主的央企靠拢的情况。

央企三大梯队差距拉大

当前,距离2010年国资委下达“退房令”已经过去7年时间。接二连三的央企重组也释放出明确的信息,为了避免资源的闲置、重叠和浪费,诸多央企的地产板块在加速重组。

“退房令”出台以后,多家央企提出了转让房地产业务的计划,且对房产业务进行了公开挂牌转让,但由于种种原因,目前仍存在部分央企未退出地产业务的情况。2011年,允许央企涉足房产业务的名单从16家增加到了21家,后因中国五矿与中冶集团的合并,名单缩减至20家。

记者梳理发现,经过多年的发展,20家获准从事地产业务的央企已经分化成不同的层级,构成了央企地产版图的第一和第二梯队。根据克而瑞发布的2016年全年和2017年上半年的房企销售排行榜,保利地产、中海地产和华润置地年销售超千亿元,跻身房产千亿俱乐部。其余十几家央企的地产板块年销售额则在20亿元到700亿元不等,构成了央企地产的第二梯队。

在第二梯队中,以招商蛇口、中粮集团、鲁能集团和中国金茂为代表的央企旗下地产企业快速扩张,年销售规模正向千亿迈进。此外,还有像中储股份等一批体量不大、不属于获准从事房地产业务名单的央企,他们仍然或多或少地参与着房地产业务,被称为第三梯队。

中国房地产业的“黄金十年”已经过去,存量时代已然来临,房企面临越来越大的竞争压力,不断寻找差异化成为房企需要思考的命题。虽然央企拿地和融资的优势还在,但是现在的市场已经不仅仅需要这两样。

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