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林毅夫团队《吉林报告》:欲振兴东北需先留住人

2017-08-28 07:21:57   中国经济网

这其中,也需要有为政府的发力。付才辉表示,吉林省等东北地区的各级政府需要发挥积极有为的作用,大力改善这些软硬基础设施降低企业成本。比如吉林省还有不少富裕的能源,有时也存在“窝电”的现象,地方政府其实可以针对这些潜在比较优势的产业,采取各种措施包括能源补贴以降低企业成本。

争议升级 东北振兴需先“留住人”

双方争论的同时,一些学者纷纷加入论战表达了自己的观点。

上海财经大学经济学院院长田国强撰文反对林毅夫所提出的吉林应率先弥补轻工业短板的政策建议,而强调“轻工业行业基本上是一个竞争性的行业,应该让市场发挥作用”。

中国人民大学区域与城市经济研究所教授张可云认为,在比较优势理论的基础上改进而来的林毅夫“新结构经济学”,并不适用于分析老工业基地。这些附加值不高、劳动密集、技术含量不高的产业,是否有利于优化吉林省的经济结构是令人怀疑的。

张可云表示,破解老工业基地振兴难题,关键不在于寻找区域内的比较优势和识别区域内的要素禀赋优势,而在于从大范围区域乃至于全国或全球的环境变迁中,发现有利于自身的发展机会并重新规划自身的发展定位。

他认为,经济结构存在问题只是老化病的表现之一,而不是东北衰退的症结。经济增长速度放缓甚至是负增长、失业问题严重、人口大量外流等都是老化的表现。

张可云表示,就吉林所在的东北地区而言,其关键症结在于技术人员的大量外流。防止人口特别是技术人员流失比经济结构“扬长补短”更为关键。保留住技术人才,是扬长避短的前提。

无独有偶,林毅夫团队也从另一个角度提到这个问题:以重化工为主导的资本密集型产业对就业的吸纳能力非常弱,大量劳动力不是闲置在农业中,就是游荡在生产率较低的服务业中,或者外出打工,为了解决就业利用劳动力资源禀赋,目前吉林省尤其需要发展劳动力密集型产业。

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