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人民币升值 亚洲美元债基金业绩承压

2017-08-28 06:50:48   中国经济网

汇率管理是影响QDII债券基金总体收益的一个关键因素。一般来看,能够从汇率中获益的基金往往并没有采取相应的汇率对冲策略,这意味着当美元汇率下跌时,基金收益也同样会受到冲击。

受汇率等因素影响,今年以来美元债基金收益并不理想。Wind资讯数据显示,在40多只债券QDII中,今年以来,有7只产品的收益率超过3%,分别为华夏海外收益、嘉实新兴市场、鹏华全球高收益、华夏大中华信用精选、华安全球美元、博时亚洲票息美元和南方亚洲美元债。其中,博时亚洲票息美元和南方亚洲美元债为明确投资亚洲区美元债的产品,年内收益率在3%到4%之间。相比较,其他多只美元债基金的表现更弱,有3只投资亚洲美元债的基金份额今年收益甚至为负。

分币种来看,受汇率因素影响,同一基金的美元计价和人民币计价产品的业绩表现相差较大,尤其是以人民币计价产品经过汇率折算,净值和收益相对较低。据Wind资讯,截至最新交易日,广发亚太中高收益的人民币计价产品今年收益为-1.30%,而相应的美元计价份额收益则为2.93%;博时亚洲票息人民币今年以来的收益为0.23%,但美元计价的份额回报则有4.53%。南方亚洲美元债A人民币今年收益为0.02%,而南方亚洲美元债A美元现汇的回报达到4.34%。两类份额之间的业绩差距与今年美元的跌幅基本相符。

多因素影响投资业绩

如果人民币份额的美元债基金进行了货币对冲,则可以转化美元升值的劣势。比如,互认基金中的摩根亚洲美元债基金,其人民币份额收益就高于美元份额,这得益于该基金进行的人民币对冲操作。根据公开数据,今年以来,摩根亚洲债券美元累计收益率为3.95%,人民币份额累计的收益率达到了7.22%。

不过,货币对冲并不能保证汇率收益。摩根亚洲债券的基金说明书也明示:管理人不保证对冲工具或对冲策略达到预期效果。一方面,货币对冲虽然可以在一定程度上减少美元计价基金受美元贬值的影响,另一方面也意味着基金有可能无法享受潜在的美元上涨的收益。

除了汇率因素之外,亚洲美元债还会面临一些独有的风险。我国对海外投资的收紧,使得亚洲的美元债市场也受到一定影响。一些海外投资者认为,对资本外流监管的风险也会导致亚洲美元债比欧美市场同类风险要高。

不过,亚洲投资者给美元债带来了不一样的风险偏好。近期朝美局势紧张,对美元债中的高收益债冲击就非常明显,但亚洲的美元债却没有出现较大的波动,主要是由于亚洲地区的投资者对当地地缘政治风险认知更为贴近。由于投资者的风险判断不同,同样也吸引了许多国际投资者对于亚洲美元债的关注。

亚洲美元债市场影响力的扩张也会对全球市场带来直接影响。尽管许多中国投资者对亚洲美元债的筛选标准可能不如发达市场严格,一些亚洲债券发行人发行的债券资质在国际市场也不够明晰,分析师难以给出准确的信用评级,但这些劣势却带来明显的“挤出效应”,使得一部分投资者更加青睐新兴的亚洲美元债。从中长期来看,亚洲美元债仍然是值得关注的一类低风险投资品种。

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