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旅游观念之变催热民宿:从业者看在眼里 资本抓在手里——民宿经济观察之一

2017-08-23 11:33:59   新华网

今年8月1日开始执行的新版《北京市旅游条例》明确了民宿的概念,即城乡居民利用自己拥有所有权或者使用权的住宅,结合当地人文环境、自然景观、生态资源以生产、生活方式,为旅游者提供住宿服务的经营场所。

《北京市旅游条例》对于民宿的表述与上文提到的全域旅游不谋而合。“目前我国的民宿主要集中在一二线城市和主要旅游景点周边,而民宿向乡村和更多地区下沉的趋势也非常明显”,潘采夫介绍,“大城市周边的美丽乡村型民宿增长迅速,质量也在不断提升。比如像神农架那样环境优美、空气洁净的度假胜地,或许是民宿未来的重要增长点。”

作为民宿行业的亲历者,松赞系列酒店创始人白玛多吉观察到了这样的现象,“2008年之前,入住松赞系列酒店的有80%以上都是外国人。那时候像松赞这类主打文化牌的民宿还不太能被国人所接受。”

但近年来,这一现象已逐步发生改变。直到去年,入住松赞系列酒店的外国人比例降到了30%以下,其余都是中国人。“这是我做文化酒店这17年来最明显的感受,”白玛认为,现在国人对于旅游的要求要比原先高很多,“会追求更高品质的体验。”

“民宿之所以能够区别于传统酒店发展起来,正是满足了消费者‘多人’、‘多天’和‘个性化’的需求。”途家公关总监唐挺在接受新华网记者采访时表示,相比酒店一间房只能住两人的情况,民宿能够满足多人共同出游的住宿需求;民宿通常都配备有厨房、冰箱、洗衣机等生活设施,能够提供短时期像家一样的生活体验;个性化主要是指民宿主人对于房间的特殊布置,通常都具有本地的文化特色,是住酒店所不能感受到的。“其实民宿与传统酒店是互补的关系。”

  资本助推:扎堆开发 盈利不均衡

民宿行业的兴起,不仅从业者看在眼里,资本更是牢牢抓在手里。多家经营民宿和短租预定平台的网站在短短几年内便获得多轮融资。

公开资料显示,2011年创立的途家网,在2015年8月完成D及D+轮融资共3亿美元,公司估值超10亿美元。于2012年8月正式上线的小猪短租,在2016年11月2日宣布完成C+及D轮融资,总额达6500万美元。于2012年5月上线的木鸟短租,在2016年2月获得了达晨创投的数千万人民币B轮融资。蚂蚁短租在2013年获得了红杉资本、蓝驰创投的数百万美元A轮融资,在2016年6月已被途家网并购。

除了机构投资者以外,越来越多的普通投资者也通过众筹的方式进入民宿短租市场。据《中国众筹行业发展报告2017》统计,截至2017年6月底,全国共上线过众筹平台808家,其中正常运营的为439家,下线或转型的为369家。

在认识到民宿行业的发展趋势和潜力之后,生活消费领域众筹平台开始吧于2016年11月宣布成立“借宿”,目的是将旗下民宿业务独立运营。据“借宿”数据统计,截止2017年7月底,在该平台上线的民宿项目近400个,认筹金额约11亿元,成功率90%左右。一些明星民宿项目,在上线的瞬间就遭遇“疯抢”,比如千里走单骑的太阳宫项目仅58秒就突破2000万认筹额,松赞的丽江项目认筹额达3936万,创下了2016年开始吧认筹金额最高纪录。

不过,即便是资本如此亲睐民宿行业,也不是所有项目都能够盈利。“投资热、盈利不均衡的情况也是存在的,”唐挺对记者表示,“在一些地方需求没有那么高,民宿却扎堆开发,这些项目都是在亏钱的。”

潘采夫则认为,民宿的经营情况和它的位置、民宿质量、内外部环境、服务水准息息相关,“目前,坐落位置好、民宿设计优美、房东服务水准高、房子和房东都有个性的房源最受欢迎。”

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