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780亿!中国联通混改“盛宴”

2017-08-20 13:59:32   中国经济网

7月19日,中国联通对外公布了2017年6月份的运营数据。与中国移动和中国电信相比,虽然中国联通的移动出账用户数据在上半年保持了平稳增长的态势,但增长数量仅为中国移动的三分之一。到2017年上半年,中国移动的4G用户数是联通的4.3倍,固定宽带用户数是联通的1.2倍。

在业内的解读看来,在4G时代联通兵败城下的局面下,混改成为了联通实现反转的最大筹码。试点性质决定了作为央企混改第一枪的联通混改必须要打响,这为中国联通提供了绝好的机会。也就是说,借助混改,争取政策层面、尤其是事关5G的相关政策以最大程度的支持。而这,在很大可能上,也是联通能够争取几大互联网巨头悉数到场的最重要理由,混改成为双方最终走到一起最好不过的契机。

在3G时代,2010年到2013年,中国联通服务收入增幅基本维持在10%以上,远超行业平均水平。但随着工信部在2013年底发放TD-LTE的4G牌照,并且推迟到2015年初才向中国联通和中国电信发放FDD牌照,中国移动开始扭转联通的强势地位。此后,中国移动在4G市场上实现了一家独大的局面。

不过,对于未来5G的争夺战,谁能取得领先,现在还不是下结论的时候。无论如何,十多家社会资本的入局,还是给联通的未来点燃了希望。

混改的期待

将这场涉及780亿元人民币的混改称之为“革命性”的混改似有些过,但的确在某种程度上打破了国企混改的先例。对于这样一场改革的总体思路,中国联通的表述为:“通过整体设计,积极引入境内投资者,降低国有股权比例,将部分公司股权释放给其他国有资本和非国有资本,实质性地推进混合所有制改革,以市场化为导向健全企业制度和公司治理机制,聚焦公司主业、创新商业模式,规模发展基础业务和创新业务。”

按照目前的混改方案,假设此次混改涉及的交易全部完成,按照发行上限计算,联通集团将合计持有联通A股公司约36.67%股份;中国人寿、腾讯信达、百度鹏寰、京东三弘、阿里创投、苏宁云商、光启互联、淮海方舟、兴全基金和结构调整基金将分别持有联通A股公司10.22%、5.18%、3.30%、2.36%、2.04%、1.88%、1.88%、1.88%、0.33%、6.11%股份,上述新引入战略投资者合计持有联通A股公司35.19%股份,形成混合所有制多元化股权结构。

北京师范大学公司治理与企业发展研究中心主任高明华教授长期深入研究国企改革与现代公司治理。在高明华看来,这样的股权结构,从外在形式上看,国有控股的基本面依然没变。即:三家国有资本中国联通(36.67%)、中国人寿(10.22%)、国企结构调整基金(6.11%)合计持股比例达到53%。“三家国有资本合计持股超过50%,依然出于国有控制甚至绝对控制的考虑。在面临重大决策的时候,可以做到步调一致。”高明华说。

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