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吴晓波:着力构建中国特色管理学体系

2017-07-13 18:22:32   中国经济网

百余年来,西方管理学的核心思想是建立均衡有效的分工与协作体系,将建立和维护稳定的平衡作为企业提升绩效的核心命题。而中国领军企业的管理实践告诉人们:当变革成为唯一不变的常态,当打破平衡成为一种主动的管理行为,当迭代、试错、流动、不确定性、灰度等等“干扰项”不再是管理制度和机制中的例外,当人与事物不再是“非黑即白”,管理学者需要重新审视已经习以为常、曾经奉为圭臬的众多管理教条,需要翻开用“另一种逻辑”实现“非线性成长”的新型企业管理体系的一角,需要梳理中国企业“非线性成长”管理规律,形成中国特色管理理论体系。

总结过去是为了更好的未来,但是未来不会是过去的简单重复。中国领军企业的高速度,会逐步慢下来,创立引导理论的重要责任和历史使命已经到来。未来的中国企业将有更多的挑战和更多的重大创新。需要看到,揭示“所以然”背后的“之所以然”才有普遍价值,并且能够被广大学习者在运用中演绎和发展。这就需要中国管理学者们探究“之所以然”的努力奋斗。

形成中国情境、时代引领、理论创新的中国特色管理学体系

构建中国特色的管理学体系,不可或缺地要考虑以下三方面的问题。

第一,中国特色管理学体系有其中国情境的特殊性和重要理论构建价值。中国企业的管理实践是在特殊的中国情境下开展的。西方发达国家的企业通过管理思想上的原始创新站到了世界前沿,新兴工业化国家的企业通过模仿和再创新实现了管理上的进步。如今,中国企业的追赶是否还能用西方发达国家企业实践提炼的理论加以解释?是否又与新兴工业化国家的追赶实践有着本质的区别?对这些问题的回答不得不考虑中国情境的特殊性。发达国家企业崛起时所处的情境,新兴工业化国家企业崛起时所处的情境,与现在的情况是不同的。中国企业的管理实践是在市场取向的制度变革、多样化的技术体制、多层次的市场空间、新兴的全球网络等新情境下展开的。这决定了中国企业管理理论的独特性和重要性。对中国企业技术追赶的研究必然要突出特殊的中国式管理的特色,而中国特色的管理理论应该植根于中国式的“制度+技术+市场+网络”。因此,对中国式管理实践的多阶段性、多样性、多层次性、多主体性,特别是非连续性展开研究具有重要理论研究价值。

第二,系统研究全球化、网络化、数据化时代下中国管理学体系的新内涵具有理论上的前瞻性和挑战性。中国企业已经从以往的封闭环境进入全球化、网络化、数据化的新环境,管理理论的内涵也得到了极大的丰富和发展。从中国管理实践的环境来看,以往中国企业的管理实践一直处在封闭的环境中,通过独立自主、自力更生、埋头苦干的线性方式发展生产能力。全球化、网络化、数据化新环境的出现重塑了世界经济,也为中国企业的管理实践带来了更加开放的创新环境,中国的制造企业和服务企业已经和全球的其他制造业和服务业建立了千丝万缕的联系。通过全球网络进行知识转移、组织学习和技术能力培养是中国企业在全球化条件下开展管理实践的新形式。全球化、网络化、数据化的出现,在企业战略制定、新产品开发、市场营销、组织变革和学习等方面,都会对传统的管理理论提出严峻的挑战。相当大一部分传统管理思想和方法将不再适用,需要建立全新的管理思路和管理方法。目前,关于中国企业管理模式、运行机制及动态演进的研究得到越来越多的关注。因此,构建中国特色管理体系具有前瞻性和挑战性,将为检验现有理论,探索新理论提供可能,也将成为推进我国管理理论发展,提升企业管理创新实践的一项重要研究。

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