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变废为宝:垃圾发电厂年产2亿度电 水空调节能超30%

2017-07-12 09:23:14   工人日报

重庆市江北嘴水源空调有限公司副总经理张波告诉记者,简单地说,“水空调”就是利用江水温度相对恒定来进行地上建筑物内空气的温度调节,进而达到节能减排的效果。

记者在采访中了解到,在夏天,重庆市区气温可达40℃,而江水却保持在20℃左右。“水空调”在工作时,利用江水与空气的温差,把江水汇集到热泵中转换,让低温的水把建筑内的热量带走,重新排入江中,通过这样的水循环起到降温作用。而在冬季,温度相对恒定的江水又可以提供热源,达到升温供暖的目的。

“经过处理后的江水,进入水空调供能时,温度最高可达42℃,最低可达5℃。”张波说,江北嘴水空调项目投运以来,已为包括重庆大剧院、金融城2号、东方国际广场在内的近10个物业供能,供能面积达40万平方米,目前每年光节约电费就达500~600万元。更重要的是将不再有冷却塔噪音,不再有飘雾,不再有传统空调的热排放问题。夏季区域环境温度比一江之隔的解放碑中央商务区低约3℃。

重庆市建设技术发展中心负责人称:“在地源热泵技术应用上,重庆市位居国内前列。”重庆大学刘宪英教授向记者介绍说,国内第一个地源热泵研究的国家课题,就是重庆完成的。地源热泵是最经济的节能环保型中央空调系统。重庆市试验显示,采用江水源热泵机组较常规空调系统节能30%以上。

刘宪英认为,受自然资源条件限制,重庆规模化利用太阳能和风能的条件较差,但水资源丰富,发展“水空调”享有地利优势。除了重庆,“水空调”在长江流域都可推广。

变废为宝瓶颈待破除

有数据显示,中国大陆90%以上可以利用的废弃物,被填埋或焚烧。每年15亿吨左右的建筑垃圾,2亿吨左右的城市生活垃圾,得到再生利用的仅有几千万吨。我国每年垃圾增长量达到10%以上,城市生活垃圾累积堆存量已达70亿吨。“垃圾围城”问题亟待破解。

一方面是大量垃圾待处理,另一方面是垃圾处理场“吃不饱”,两厢反差巨大。7月9日,记者在三峡库区首座垃圾焚烧发电厂了解到,这座建设规模经过反复论证的“明星”垃圾焚烧发电厂,却遭遇了一个困境:垃圾量严重不足,这让该项目的运行举步维艰。

重庆万州区垃圾焚烧发电厂负责人李伟告诉记者,去年日均处理垃圾为400吨左右,这与设计800吨/天的处理量相比,缺口达一半。若按设备正常运行的最低要求,即80%的入炉量计算,在现有基础上,每天也至少需增加200~300吨的垃圾。

在寻求垃圾增量上,发电厂曾主动出击,尝试能否把相邻的开县、云阳等地的垃圾转运过来,但很快这一念想就因当地各自在建的垃圾处置项目而破灭。“距离再远些的区县,也因高额的运输费用而显得不切实际。”李伟认为,只有从万州内部来破局了。

万州区常住人口为160多万人,其中农业人口超过百万。李伟觉得,目前发电厂垃圾主要来自于城区,农村垃圾占比小。尽管地方政府大力完善了镇乡垃圾收运范围、考核机制。“可直到现在,垃圾增量仍未见效果。”李伟说。

无独有偶,重庆忠县综合处理生活垃圾环保一体化项目是该县着力打造渝东北生态涵养示范县的又一大项目,不仅可将忠县城乡所有生活垃圾 “无害化、减量化、资源化”处理,还可为保护好三峡库区的“一江绿水,两岸青山”发挥重要作用。

“现在的垃圾收运系统还没完善,每天消化的生活垃圾只有100余吨,仅为处理能力的一半。”忠县城乡建委主任李彬说,接下来忠县决定两步走:首先日处理150余吨城乡即产即排垃圾,再逐步处理城乡16.7万吨存量陈腐垃圾。力争到年底,实现日焚烧200吨生活垃圾的目标。本报记者 李国 实习生 陈希

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