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无人驾驶汽车上路引质疑 技术创新遭遇法律空白

2017-07-11 09:24:51   法制日报

那么,无人驾驶该如何立法呢?

“无人驾驶立法,首先要厘清目前人类驾驶汽车情形下的法律关系,以及无人驾驶情形下,法律关系将发生哪些变化。”中国电子商务协会政策法律委员会副主任刘春泉近日在接受《法制日报》记者采访时指出,很多企业现在都极其重视自动驾驶技术研发,而忽略了法律研发也是网络产品研发的一部分这个道理。而未来,谁能在自动驾驶的法律设计中占得先机,谁就能在产品竞争中立于不败之地。

刘春泉认为,无人驾驶立法首先可能遇到的问题,就是汽车生产制造厂商有可能出现软件与硬件分离。“汽车厂商本来不是交通行为的参与方,上路行驶是驾驶人的操作汽车行为,但无人驾驶情形下,汽车厂商是不是交通参与人就会成为问题。如果发生交通事故,究竟是汽车硬件问题、软件问题、交通设施问题,还是其他因素导致的,需要根据新的道路交通法律法规确定。”

其次,过去交通事故都是驾驶人通过保险或者自行承担的,假如无人驾驶情形下,人不干预汽车,发生事故,则要求乘车人承担责任,似乎不合情理。那么,事故风险要么由乘车人投保的保险承担,要么由生产销售汽车产品的软硬件厂商承担,风险从现在的分散在千千万万个驾驶员,集中到数量少得多的汽车厂商、软件厂商。“现在汽车厂商对于缺陷产品召回本来就头疼不已,如果再加上对每一起交通事故都要承担责任,那么,汽车厂商到底还有没有动力生产和研发自动驾驶汽车?”刘春泉担心。

此外,刘春泉认为,无人驾驶最终还是要有人控制,关键是谁控制、怎么控制的问题。单就驾驶人来说,不仅涉及驾驶技能的技术问题,更涉及驾驶行为导致的违法责任问题,对人身、财产伤害的赔偿问题,所以,仅仅解决了自动驾驶降低甚至免除人类驾驶技能需求,是不够的。

“按照目前我的认知水平,自动驾驶哪怕能降低驾驶技能要求,恐怕还是必须要有一些道路交通法律知识、自动驾驶相关的技术知识。考虑到科技也需要循序渐进,比较可行的可能还是先从高速公路等路况较好情况下,汽车可以自动驾驶开始,在复杂路况一步到位无人驾驶,眼下尚有难度,如果先实践了自动驾驶,逐步积累了经验,今后发展成为完全无人驾驶,是完全有可能的。”刘春泉说。

服务平台的责任无法回避

除了安全问题,无人驾驶立法中还有一个重要问题,就是如何追责。如果被无人驾驶车撞了,那责任算谁的?

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