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共享单车洗牌清场:成资本密集行业 没人愿烧自己钱

2017-07-04 10:44:34   中国经济周刊

最终,在亏损近300万元后,“悟空单车”正式离场。

“共享单车已成资本密集行业,没人愿烧自己的钱”

有人说,以13万元筹款做“悟空单车”,雷厚义是在赌博。“我的初心就是为了解决大家出行中的问题,从这个角度讲我没有赌博;但面对融资时,我选择了合伙人制度的模式,从这个角度来讲又像赌博。”雷厚义认为,与ofo创始人戴威和摩拜单车创始人胡玮炜相比,如果在同样的时间,有同样多的资金支持,“悟空单车”也能奉陪。

易观分析师王会娥对于共享单车的“合伙人”制度并不看好。“‘悟空单车’想做轻资产、平台化的模式,减轻共享单车在资金和运营方面的压力。但共享单车面临收益慢、盈利难的问题,对个人和小商户出身的所谓‘合伙人’来说风险很大。”

随着摩拜和ofo两家头部公司不断增加的融资数额,共享单车早已成为资本密集型行业。有分析人士称,在资本密集行业,没有人愿意烧自己的钱,而是选择以财力更雄厚的投资基金等形式对企业投资。自“悟空单车”始,共享单车会否迎来“退出潮”,取决于背后资本方的态度。“单车是非常注重规模和密度的行业,需要资本的支撑。资本如果不给力,即便以摩拜和ofo目前的密度和规模,也会撑不住。”

“你不是‘占山为王’的‘地头蛇’,人家为什么花钱收购?”

与前期同样使用机械锁的ofo相似的是,“悟空单车”也遭遇单车大面积丢失的问题,有媒体称其已投入运营的90%单车都已丢失。《中国经济周刊》记者向雷厚义求证时他回应称,目前确实只有10%的单车在运营方的控制范围内,但其余90%并非都丢失了,而是被“公车私用”、失踪或者损坏。机械锁对于线下维护工作要求极高,“悟空单车”曾经雇佣过一个人数为4人的线下运维团队,但由于单车无法定位,在沙坪坝区内以4个人的规模运维超过1000辆单车,无异于大海捞针。

ofo于2017年1月正式进入重庆市主城区,也将主要兵力投放在沙坪坝大学城地区。与“悟空单车”不同,ofo有时间和资金去完善自身。ofo有关负责人对《中国经济周刊》记者介绍说,自2017年3月起,ofo投放的所有新车都将不再使用机械锁。2017年4月,ofo宣布与北斗导航达成战略合作,未来ofo将配备拥有定位技术的“北斗智能锁”。

“别人背后有投资方,可以边跑边完善自己,我们却不行。我们的账面未必比头部的两家公司难看多少,大家都离盈利还很远,如果我们有资本,现在也肯定玩得下去。”雷厚义告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,在“悟空单车”资金链行将断裂之际,他曾联系过ofo重庆市场的有关负责人,寻求被收购,但遭到回绝。“如果你不是‘占山为王’的‘地头蛇’,人家就可以轻松击败你,为什么要花钱收购?” 小黄车在沙坪坝区的投放量是“悟空单车”的8~10倍,对实力悬殊的对比有清醒认识的雷厚义苦笑说。

并非所有小品牌共享单车都没有收购价值。2017年3月,ofo宣布与发端于杭州的骑呗单车达成合作协议,将联合推出定制版小黄车,并在杭州和济南进行投放。值得注意的是,在此次合作中骑呗“放弃”了自己的车身logo,成为为小黄车服务的品牌,外界纷纷猜测ofo与骑呗背后的资本合作,以及收购的可能。《中国经济周刊》记者向ofo有关人士求证时,该人士隐晦地回答称:“更准确的说法是,ofo将骑呗单车旗下的单车接入小黄车平台,未来也不排除在该平台上连接其他品牌单车。”

随着骑呗与ofo联合推出新款小黄车、“悟空单车”离场,以及摩拜与UniBike间的收购传言,有市场分析人士称,共享单车的“下半场”比赛将在一系列洗牌中拉开帷幕。

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