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四问绿色金融:投什么,怎么投?

2017-06-28 17:56:52   

另一方面,从收益看,绿色金融项目虽然能极大地拓展金融机构的市场空间,但该类业务的盈利性并不高。由于绿色金融项目本身带有一定公益性,项目投资回报不高,大部分绿色项目需要长期投入才能看到效果,因此所能承担的资金利率也有限。以银行为代表的大部分传统金融机构很难忍受超过3年的贷款和投资周期。而且,在绿色金融项目中,许多属于地方政府(包括政府平台)类项目,金融机构在这类业务的价格谈判中往往处于劣势,或至少不具优势。

尽管目前绿色金融在全国风生水起,许多金融机构对绿色金融项目表现出了浓厚的“兴趣”,并进行了卓有成效的探索;但需清醒的是,这种“兴趣”除了政治上的考量外,还有一个不容忽视的背景:在实体经济复苏缓慢情况下,“资产荒”尚未有效纾解,绿色金融项目,特别是治气、治水等政府背景绿色金融项目恰成为当下金融机构资产配置的权宜之策,——尽管有些项目能否盈利尚存较大不确定性。

因此,从长远可持续的角度看,要真正激发金融机构开展绿色金融业务的动能,还需有效整合政府部门的政策资源,探索建立绿色金融外部激励机制,包括风险补偿、税收优惠财政性存款倾斜等正向激励,也包括对涉及环境违法类项目进行金融追责等负向激励。唯有注入外部激励,打破现有条件下金融机构的“成本—收益”权衡模式,才能从形成金融机构投身绿色金融的内生动能。

其四:怎样投绿色金融?

在解决了开展绿色金融业务的方向、谋略、意愿等问题后,金融机构还面临如何投绿色金融的问题,即绿色金融的方法论问题。毕竟,绿色金融所面对的服务领域、客户对象有别于一般的金融服务,因此需要金融机构在管理机制、业务流程、营销模式、产品体系等方面做出适应性的调整与完善。关键要解决两个方面的问题:

一是客户适应性问题。针对绿色金融客户对象轻资产、投入资金量大、回收期长等特征,金融机构需在金融服务方式、手段等方面进行创新。以银行为例:首先要改变传统的抵押、担保要求,积极拓展绿色信贷抵押物范围,探索和推广专利权、商标权、排污权等无形资产抵质押方式,在风险可控前提下积极推广信用贷款方式;其次要针对绿色金融客户生产经营及资金周转特点,科学合理确定授信额度和还款期限,避免期限错配。

二是调动内部积极性问题。在激发绿色金融服务动能方面,从外部激励上解决了金融机构“愿不愿意投”的问题,还只是解决了问题的一半。对于金融机构而言,还存在如何调动内部积极性问题。基于绿色金融期限长、潜在风险大等特征,要充分调动基层经营部门及客户经理的积极性,就需要在内部资源配置和考核激励方面做出有利于推动绿色金融的制度安排。要通过设立专营机构、完善专营体系从整体上体现绿色金融的差异性,在内部资金转移定价(FTP)方面基于资源倾斜。在绩效考核方面,适当向绿色金融业务条线倾斜;同时要制定并细化适合绿色金融特征的风险问责机制,适当提高风险容忍度。

必须清楚的是,这四道题仅是作为商业银行涉足绿色金融的必答题。但是,绿色金融创新实验区设立的立意绝非仅仅探索绿色金融服务的模式和机制,而是要从整体上推进绿色金融体系的构建。

因此,我们有必要给绿色金融创新试验区的构建再打几针预防针,需要预防几种倾向的出现:一是不要用“绿色信贷”、“绿色债券”等抽象的数据简单代替绿色金融。二是不要用形式化的所谓“绿色金融”项目对接会来粉饰绿色金融的实效。三是谨防“绿色”虚假。

可以说,绿色金融之考永远处于进行时。伴随绿色金融理念的不断深化,绿色金融的题库也将不断丰富和具有挑战性。(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】李庚南,高级经济师,先后供职于工商银行、人民银行,现为银监部门人士。近年来专注于普惠金融等问题研究,先后发表近百篇文章。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

(中新经纬版权所有,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。本文不代表中新经纬观点。)

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