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四问绿色金融:投什么,怎么投?

2017-06-28 17:56:52   

这就需要政府部门在现有的绿色金融大框架下,进一步细化绿色产业、项目及相关活动,形成绿色金融项目名录。同时,也要求金融机构做好复合型的绿色金融人才储备,提升对绿色金融项目的把控、识别和研判能力。

须知,不是所有的金融都能被“绿化”。准确清晰地界定绿色经济、绿色产业、绿色项目的范畴,不仅为金融机构指明方向,解决“绿色金融投什么”问题;而且也为相关配套政策,比如风险补偿机制的建立与有效实施奠定基础,避免“绿色金融”为绿色数字或数字金融所取代。

其二:敢不敢投绿色金融?

金融机构决策的前提是对信息的充分拥有。金融机构敢不敢将资金投向绿色金融领域,关键是要解决绿色经济领域的信息不对称问题。

但是,“隔行如隔山”。绿色金融所涉及的环境改善、应对气候变化和资源节约高效利用的经济活动具有很强的专业性,这对涉足该领域的金融机构而言,无论是绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险,都将面临认知上的挑战。而且,绿色产业、绿色项目往往期限长、面临的不确定性较多,且轻资产特征明显,其风险隐蔽性、滞后性特征强。

因此,作为金融机构,敢不敢将资金投向绿色金融领域,取决于其对绿色产业、项目的了解程度及发展前景的研判能力,取决于其对客户资信状况、偿债能力等方面的了解把握程度。而这些,需要金融机构在整体上制定绿色金融发展战略,为绿色金融业务的开展提供智力保障;在微观金融活动中强化精细化管理。

作为地方政府,则需努力消除金融机构将资金投向绿色经济领域的顾虑。关键是要加快推进统一的社会信用信息共享平台,有效缓解信息不对称状况,并推进和完善社会信用评级等中介组织的建设,为金融机构了解风险、把控风险提供底气。

其三:愿不愿意投绿色金融?

金融资本的本质是逐利的。这就决定了“成本—收益”的权衡是金融机构决策的基本逻辑。收益能否覆盖成本(包括风险成本)并实现目标利润是决定金融机构愿不愿意投绿色金融的关键。

显然,对于金融机构而言,若依据“成本-收益”权衡逻辑,未必具有很强的投绿色金融的内生动力和意愿。一方面,由于绿色金融项目在前期调查、研究和风险评估方面需要投入更多的人力、物力及时间,其营销成本相对其他公司类业务要大;而且,由于绿色金融项目所需资金量大、期限长、不确定性大,金融机构所需付出的资金成本、风险成本也相对较大。特别是在市场资金利率中枢逐渐上移趋势下,成本的考量或将更多地影响金融机构开展绿色金融的动能。

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