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独守空房无人照料 农村“老有所养”还要再破题
2017-06-22 10:45:22 中国经济网
农村养老到底靠谁
养儿防老,是我国千百年来的传统。但如今农村老人依靠子女养老的经济社会基础正在发生变化,而且这些变化来得如此快速猛烈。大量的青壮年劳动力外出务工,很多老人孤独留守农村;农村家庭规模不断缩小,数个子女照顾老人的情况已不多见,子女养老负担加重;农村老人将越来越多,预计到2020年,我国60岁以上的老年人口将达2.48亿,其中70%是农民。
生活在广大农村的老人们和正在老去的农民们,正切身感受着养老变化。他们都会想一个问题:“我们养老到底靠谁?”子女是不是还靠得住?如果靠不住又该怎么办?自己的积蓄能不能坚持到寿终正寝的那一天?即使经济上没问题,谁来照顾自己?
农民养老还要从最现实的钱的问题说起。首先,经济不宽裕,甚至贫穷依然是相当数量农村老人面临的主要问题。因此,农民养老首先要靠农村产业的发展。农村产业发展得好,农民收入水涨船高。对于年轻农民来说,他们就有更大的能力为家中老人付出,也能为自己将来养老奠定良好的物质基础。对于农村老人来说,不存在退休问题,他们从事力所能及的工作,就能得到一份维持生活的收入。对于村集体来说,给予农民养老的补助就能多一些。其次,农民养老要靠来自政府的帮扶。全力为农村老人提供帮扶,既是政府义不容辞的职责,也是拷问政府执政能力的重要标尺。第三,农民养老要靠不断成熟的、城乡差距不断缩小的社会保障制度,例如,要积极发挥新农保的基础保障作用。尽管当前农民从新农保得到的收益还不高,可毕竟是一笔稳定的可持续的现金收入。而且,随着我国经济实力不断壮大,新农保的保障能力应该也必然会逐步提高。
“出门一把锁,进门一盏灯”,是很多农村老人真实的生活状态。在孤独寂寞中离去,是很多农村老人不得不要走的路。只是有了养老的钱还远远不够,在哪里养老,和谁一起生活,如何让老人精神世界得到慰藉等问题很复杂,但必须有答案。
如今,在可以预见的很长一段时间里,家庭养老特别是子女养老仍是农村切实可行的主要方式。这就需要继续弘扬敬老养老的传统美德,加强子女赡养父母的观念,提高子女赡养父母的自觉性;需要加强法律保障,依法严厉惩处不尽赡养义务甚至虐待老人的恶劣行为。通过道德约束和法律规范,巩固和强化农村传统家庭养老的地位和作用,让农村老人既能得到物质上的满足,又能获得精神上的安慰。
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