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独守空房无人照料 农村“老有所养”还要再破题

2017-06-22 10:45:22   中国经济网

向传芝眼花看不清电视,村里娱乐活动少,平日里唯一的消遣就是与邻居聊聊天,出门遛遛弯,三两天接个儿子的电话,除非家里有什么大事,一般不会惊动儿子们回家。

等年纪再大点怎么办?向传芝感慨,只能寄希望于儿子未来会回家务农,再不济,或者去养老院试试?

互助式养老是否可行

当他们渐渐老去,土地和家庭养老模式又难以为继,农村老人该如何安享老年?

湖南桃源县枫树乡今年63岁的李桂枝,是一名独居老人,几个子女都在外打工,每年只能过年时回来见上一面。独居生活,单调又苦闷,然而,即便是这样,李桂枝也从没想过要搬进养老院。

枫树乡目前有两家公办养老机构,床位百余张,已基本住满,一床难求,而民办养老机构有床位,但需要较高费用。像李桂枝这样的普通农村老人,大部分生活开销需伸手向子女要,如果住进民办养老机构,无疑给子女增添更多负担,“孩子们打工挣钱不容易,现在还能动,能省就省点”。

除了上述原因,真正让李桂枝不愿搬去养老院的,还是传统观念的影响。在村里生活几十年了,街坊邻居都是熟人,即使常感孤单,却有安全感。如果去了养老院,“感觉被儿女抛弃了,丢面子”。

李桂芝的想法,并不是个例。有专家建议,对于不愿进养老机构的农村老人,以村组为单位,把老年人组织起来发展互助式的居家养老,或许是一种可行的养老方式。

坎子山村已经在摸索这种养老方式,修建了连排保障房供村里孤寡老人居住,目前已住进16户。大家户挨户,平日里,没事就会走门串户聊天,或者相约着出去做做农活。“住在这里挺好的,每户两室一厅,不用交钱,关键是我们这些老人凑在一起热闹。”邹克能是这里的第一批住户,当初村干部动员他搬进来时还有些犹豫,现在却撵都撵不走了。

“农村老人喜欢熟悉的环境,离开了他的生活环境,会感觉孤单。所以在村子里集中养老很受欢迎。”坎子山村党支部书记魏登殿说,村集体修建的这个互助式养老院,县财政按照每户5万元的标准补贴,配置了太阳能热水器等日用设施,每位老人未来还有一定的生活补助,生活可以无忧。“但村里财力有限,要想解决所有独居老人养老问题,还有很大的资金缺口。”

“变农村分散养老为就近集中养老,还需公共财政在一定程度上向农村倾斜、向农民倾斜。”唐钧认为,政策层面,应该进一步放宽准入,引入更多社会力量精准供给,市场之手和政府之手一起发力,农村老人或许才会老有所依。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 李华林)

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