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智能快递柜成本高企亏损难抑 行业将迎洗牌期

2017-06-20 08:14:11   经济参考报

因众多企业跟风进入,目前智能快递柜市场竞争进入白热化。韩轶超表示,智能快递柜成本包括场地租金、设备折旧、铺设代理佣金、维护维修和电费网费等运维费用。早期,场地租金成本较小,一般不超过2000元。但之后由于多家企业参与竞争,一套智能柜一年的场地租金飙升至8000元,使得单个格口的租金成本达到了0.6元,成本较高。

有业内人士称,目前一个智能快递柜的成本大约为1.8万元至6万元。此外,智能快递柜还涉及进小区和写字楼的租赁费、占地成本以及后期的维护、线路改造、与物业沟通等多个范畴的成本,但其使用寿命仅有2年到3年,运营一个智能快递柜的成本不低。再加上为了争夺用户,快递柜大多都是免费使用,一出一进之间,智能快递柜企业亏损严重,资本承压。

正因为如此,*ST三泰2015年曾两度募资投向“速递易业务”,输血超50亿元。但结果却是2015年、2016年连续两年大幅亏损。

*ST三泰的报告显示,*ST三泰2015年的营业总收入是14.26亿元,同比上涨13.52%,归属于上市公司股东的净利润为-3793万元,同比下调-140.33%。而到2016年,收入利润再度下滑,*ST三泰营业总收入为10.4亿元,同比下降27.12 %;营业利润为-12.4亿元,同比下降1428.69%;利润总额为-12.9亿元,同比下降5427.77%;归属于上市公司股东的净利润为-13亿元,同比下降3337.67%。其中,仅速递易的主导方——成都我来啦网络科技有限公司的净利润亏损就达5亿元。

而由顺丰、申通、中通、韵达等快递巨头共同投资的丰巢科技,初期投资额为5亿元。今年1月5日,丰巢科技再次获得鼎晖领投,国开、钟鼎、熠遥跟投的25亿元A轮融资。虽有资本加持,但丰巢同样难逃亏损怪圈。顺丰控股发布的2016年年报显示,丰巢科技去年营业收入为2173.97万元,但亏损达2.36亿元。

行业将迎洗牌期

业界认为,智能快递柜行业接下来将进入新的发展阶段——提高行业整体运营效率,进行产业整合,并制定出一套切实可行的商业模式。

资料显示,我国的智能快递柜行业从2012年开始起步,2013年进入快速发展期。目前,智能快递柜市场主要由电商系、物流平台和第三方平台三方占据,其中电商系企业主要是京东和苏宁易购;属于物流平台的企业主要有丰巢科技、中集e栈等;而速递易、邻近宝等都为第三方平台所有。

但正由于企业众多,竞争激烈,智能快递柜行业如今仍处于孤岛状态,无法形成联动效应。业内人士表示,目前来看,一线城市的社区和街道基本上都设置了智能快递柜。不过从整体上看,各企业投放模式较为粗放,纯粹是为了跑马圈地,并未将网点布局的合理性与适用性作为优先选项予以考虑,更谈不上后期的运营。这样一来,就出现了智能快递柜与社区、物业乃至电商其他环节完全隔绝的局面,快递柜仅仅是作为一个投放存储点而存在的,犹如一个孤岛,无法联动物流的其他环节和参与者产生更大的商业价值。

不过,随着丰巢、速递易等企业的扩张,智能快递柜市场或将提前进入洗牌期。上述业内人士表示,智能快递柜行业正告别“唯体量论”时代,而“蜜月期”过后必然会迎来“阵痛”。

韩轶超称,目前快递柜处于行业早期,竞争激烈。与此相对应,末端社区等场景出现快递员哄抬智能柜价格、抢格口现象,表明快递员和主流城市用户对智能快递柜的接受度已经很高。

韩轶超认为,智能快递柜的发展满足了快递员的需求,帮助快递员提高了效率,使其收入有所提高。同时,通过细分用户,智能快递柜的投放效率也比电视广告要高,定位更精准。此外,通过搭建新的、密度型的网格化、本地化互联网平台,智能快递柜未来可以将线下流量转换成线上流量,创造出不可估算的价值。

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