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针对上述困难,我们认为应该从四方面推进国有企业去杠杆。首先,要在控制增量的基础上处置存量。在严格控制新的债务增量基础上,对存量债务可以通过分类管理、区别对待、逐步化解的原则加以处置。忽视增量指标,只会鼓励企业避重就轻,借新还旧,不解决实质问题。其次,鼓励国有企业自查历史坏账,然后由中央管理部门集中处置。清理坏账是一个伴随着剧痛的过程。实行中央管理部门集中处置,可以有效规避因国企负责人面临的负向激励问题,提高清理历史账务效率。第三,兼顾杠杆率的水平和效率,区分杠杆的“好”和“坏”。评估债务的可持续性要同时兼具三重维度:一看杠杆率水平,二看企业的盈利能力,三看融资成本。单看其中任何一个,都会失之偏颇。区分杠杆的“好”和“坏”,也就是要在杠杆率的基础上,考察企业的收益率水平和融资成本,好的杠杆可以保留,甚至依照需求增加,坏的杠杆则进行有序的压缩。第四,积极化解不良贷款,及时补充银行资本金。银行主动剥离不良贷款是化解债务风险的有效方法,可以通过资产证券化、不良资产转让等多种方式化解不良贷款。同时,这一过程中银行会承受一定程度的资本金损失,财政部门应及时补充银行系统的资本金,如发行特别国债筹集资金、允许银行发行优先股以补充资本金等。(中新经纬APP)
【专家简介】何帆,北京大学汇丰商学院经济学教授、海上丝路研究院执行院长。曾任中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长,兼任中国人民银行汇率专家组顾问、财政部国际司顾问、商务部顾问、外交部国际经济司顾问。2005 年被评为世界经济论坛(达沃斯)青年全球领袖、亚洲社会青年领袖。
关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。
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