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胡敏:中国经济还将延续L形走势 需关注这五大问题

2017-06-16 17:23:55   

四是“三去一降一补”任务仍重,市场环境有待改善。

去年以来至今,供给侧结构性改革取得积极成效,“三去一降一补”五大任务进展良好,这为经济保持平稳运行奠定了基础,但随着供求关系的改善和市场环境的变化,“去降补”工作也遇到一些新的问题。

去产能工作时有反复。去年钢材、煤炭两大行业去产能的任务提前完成,今年到目前完成进度也快于预期。受主动去库存和上游大宗商品价格上涨的影响,钢材、煤炭两大行业利润翻番,促使一些地方淘汰的落后产能又死灰复燃。像地条钢这样已被淘汰的产品市场十分红火,阻碍了去产能进程;一些地方小煤矿又起死回生,为安全生产留下隐患。

去库存工作差异明显。一二线城市房地产去库存在以行政性手段为主导的密集政策措施出台的遏制下,出现了量价齐跌局面,但在房地产基础性制度和长效机制还未出台的情况下,未来不排除市场反弹的可能。今年以来,近中心城市或城市群的三四线城市房地产虽出现了“小阳春”,但部分三四线城市受人口规模制约,去库存压力依旧较大。

去杠杆工作有待观察。今年以来规模以上工业企业的资产负债率保持在56.2%左右,比去年同期有所下降,但整个非金融企业杠杆率仍然较高。在目前“脱实向虚”格局并未根本改观、不少“僵尸企业”有待处置、债转股试点还未有实质推进、企业改革亦步亦趋的情势下,去杠杆任务不可掉以轻心。

降成本工作没有显著改观。从基层企业调研看,企业普遍反映最多的问题还是资金贵、电价贵、物流贵、人工成本贵,对应的就是企业的税负成本、制度性交易成本、人工成本、融资成本、能源成本、物流成本等难以降低,企业财务成本增加较快。不少企业目前只能靠贷款维持生产运营。另外,补短板工作还需有一个持续的投入产出观察期,效益有待日后评判。

五是整顿金融有待平衡施策,债务风险不容忽视。

今年以来,中央和地方各级政府针对经济运行中各种可能的短长期金融风险,防患于未然,果断采取政府和市场相结合、以管控和防范手段相融合的综合政策措施,主动加以破解和化解局部性和系统性金融风险工作,有序处置了一批突出风险点,及时遏制了一些累积性、苗头性金融风险发生,但当前金融市场仍然存在的一些问题值得重视。

一是,金融违法违规和腐败行为还时有发生。二是,部分省市地方债务增加过快风险不容忽视。虽然中国债务水平风险总体可控,地方债务风险也还未达到警戒线。但值得关注的是,根据国务院规定,自2015年起将15.4万亿地方存量债务3年内置换完毕,2016年我国地方债发行出现了爆发式增长。随着地方债大规模发行,目前地方债已超越了金融债,成为仅次于同业存单的第二大债券品种。在当前加大减税降费力度、楼市调控政策下的土地出让金收入下滑,部分省份国有企业产能过剩、债券违约、资不抵债以及经济面临下行压力的背景下,地方财政将不断吃紧,债务风险需引起重视。三是,金融监管体制改革还有待积极稳妥推进。政策层面需要妥善处理好金融监管与实体经济发展、结构性改革之间的关系,在促进金融稳定、稳步去杠杆和稳定经济增长之间寻求平衡,均衡好政策施力方向,值得认真研究。

综合分析当前国内外形势,从国际上看,世界经济今年以来出现复苏迹象,有利于我国发展的国际因素开始增多,但国际政治经济发展走势还不稳定。从国内来看,我国发展依然处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段,经济生活尚存在不少突出的难点痛点,深化供给侧结构性改革的任务依然任重道远。

为此,我们判断,今后一个时期,我国经济运行还将延续L形走势,其中会出现若干小W形,但仍处于筑底阶段,上行拐点并不会很快出现。(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】胡敏,国家行政学院研究员、国家行政学院出版社副社长,经济学博士,兼国家行政学院中国特色社会主义理论研究中心特约研究员、中国国际事务和外交研究中心研究员,重庆智库研究员。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

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