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房企融资规模大幅缩水 资金链绷紧暗藏信用风险

2017-06-16 10:21:25   经济参考报

标普企业评级董事邹宇轩在接受记者采访时表示,今年一季度,国内房地产企业在香港市场发债规模并不低,但进入到第二季度,这一情形已经发生明显变化。“一季度房企在境外市场发债,多使用的是去年在发改委备案的额度,但是在国内房地产行业调控的大基调下,有关部门发债审批的节奏第二季度已经放缓。因此,整个房企境外融资发债的规模整体出现了一个比较明显的下滑。”他说。

承压 房企融资成本全面上行

张建军表示,目前房企融资成本呈现上升趋势,尤其是近半年以来资金面紧张、加上金融去杠杆,房企融资成本上升尤其明显。

上述股份制商业银行信贷审批人士表示,据他的观察,房企在银行的贷款利率和去年相比大约上行了10到20个基点。“银行信贷额度紧张,加之整体货币政策趋紧,大部分企业的融资成本都有所上行。”他说。

程春曙说,发债方面,数据显示,2016年9月前,房企发行的债券利率多在4%左右。而2016年12月以来,这一数字上浮到4.2%-5.5%之间。而5月多宗融资的资金成本已经接近或超过6%。“从5月中旬以来,部分AA+级及AA级房企发债的票面利率已经突破6%。”他说。

记者从业内人士处还了解到,一些房企的融资成本更是达到10%甚至以上。一位房地产私募基金人士对记者说,大房企融资方式相对较多,利率也相对较低。但中小房企日子就比较难过,很多中小房企想通过信托融资都很难,只能通过私募基金的方式来融资,而这种融资方式的成本甚至达到15%或16%。“融资成本和去年相比变化不大,但是融资难度绝对是加大了。”他说。另一位私募基金人士也告诉记者,由于近两年整个房地产市场的变化,出于避险考虑,其业务中涉及房地产融资的比例正在逐步压降。

警惕 中小房企信用风险或加速暴露

业内人士表示,在过去两年时间,由于流动性持续宽松,房地产业迎来了新一轮加杠杆周期,这在推动行业基本面复苏的同时,也积攒了大量的风险。而在这轮融资潮水退去后,在整体资金面偏紧的背景下,房企资金链风险值得关注。

据Wind统计,107家上市房地产企业2015至2016年这两年的新增有息债务规模高达8520亿元,比2010至2014年五年间的新增有息债务的总和8200亿元还要多。国泰君安分析师覃汉则表示,据测算,405家发行人样本中,有107家房企净负债率超过100%,有接近50家净负债率超过150%,16家房企净负债率甚至超过300%。“在融资渠道全面紧缩趋势下,前期激进扩张、过度依赖高杠杆和外部融资的企业,将会面临越来越大的项目出售和流动性压力。”覃汉说。

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