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未来交通“黑科技”:万米悬索桥或改变世界格局

2017-06-15 14:25:11   

万米级悬索桥虽不被日常交通出行所必需,但却是一种趋势的展望和技术的探索。如果万米级跨径悬索桥实现,世界上所有的海峡都可以被跨越,全球的交通出行、商贸往来、地缘政治格局或将被改变,桥梁将成为国际沟通最关键的要素,世界格局将因桥梁跨径的增大而改变。

在挑战桥梁跨径的过程中,BIM技术(建筑信息模型技术)将发挥重要作用。简单地说,BIM技术的基本运作是从地图获取地理信息、用参数调整模块、进行反复拼接组合,它能让设计方案拥有一种自我完备的体系,可以具有相对的自我演变功能。

例如,交通设计方案修改遇到隧道单洞变双洞、主塔角度调整等大幅度变动时,运用BIM技术也不过是改变几个参数,钢筋使用量、概预算表等都将随之自动改变。中交公路规划设计院BIM项目团队2016年刚刚为马尔代夫设计了一家五星级酒店,从酒店的陆地建筑、水上建筑到泳池、后期检修通道,甚至最后展演时的视频,都是通过BIM技术设计制作而成的。据设计团队的工程师彭运动讲,只要BIM构件库够完善,设计一座桥可能只需花十几分钟。

无人驾驶:未来交通全自动

高速公路收费口往往是高速路上的“堵点”之一,虚拟支付为解决这一问题带来曙光。交通运输部路网监测与应急处置中心研究员董雷宏介绍,2017年年初,湖南省在全国范围内率先推出了“不停车手机移动支付”,用户下载手机App,关联身份信息、支付信息和车辆信息,通过审核之后,就可以完成注册。带着这样的手机,通过高速公路卡口,感应识别设施快速识别后,立即放行,车辆驶出高速公路时,将按照实际路径收费。湖南预计在2017年年底全部人工收费车道均实现手机支付,40%的收费车道实现不停车手机支付。虚拟支付对交通移动支付的影响将是颠覆性的。

2016年4月12日,搭载着前视摄像头、毫米波雷达、高精地图、自动巡航、APP控制系统等技术的“睿聘”无人驾驶汽车,从重庆长安汽车研究总院发车,踏上了重庆至北京2000多公里的征程。按照长安智能驾驶研究所所长梁锋华的介绍,无人驾驶车辆按照自动化程度被分为四级,“睿聘”是第三级。试驾耗时6天,经过6个省,通过丘陵、山区、平原等地形。睿聘完成了变道、超车、避让行人等动作,甚至还主动识别了高速公路的限速标识和解除限速标识。在高速公路路段,车辆时速可达到120公里,而在城市道路路段,时速为40公里。长安计划在2025年实现四级无人驾驶,也就是全自动无人驾驶。自动驾驶汽车是未来智能交通系统最重要因素,自动驾驶与智能交通的协同使人类交通出行更加安全和智能。

无人值守的收费站或许就在不远处,无人驾驶、无人机……被“黑科技”支撑起来的未来交通世界,更像一个无人力的世界。

(作者:刘文杰 系中国公路学会副理事长兼秘书长)

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