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刘春生:国产糖业将迎来贸易救济的春天

2017-06-06 17:21:45   

由于进口食糖价格低廉,对国内糖企造成了巨大的冲击,销售数量、销售收入、市场占有率以及利润率不断受到挤压,大量糖企亏损,国内糖料作物的播种面积不断减少,产业受到严重损害,甚至已经危及产业安全。在这种情况下,商务部遵循中国法律法规和世界贸易组织规则,经过严格的调查程序,决定对进口食糖进行保障措施,可以说是有理有据。

为其他产业提供了可参考样本

进口食糖保障措施能引起这么广泛关注的主要原因是这种方式的发起具有严格的实施条件和程序,而且这种贸易救济措施在我国并不常见。对于这一措施的出台有以下几点启示:

首先,为其他产业提供救济措施提供范本。保障措施要由具有法定资格的机构通常是进口国政府或进口国内全部产量或其产量占国内同类产品生产总量主要比重的产业提出书面调查申请。在本案中,是由广西糖业协会代表国内食糖产业请求对进口食糖进行保障措施调查,由商务部受理搜集相关证据资料展开调查。因此行业协会在此案中功不可没,也为其他产业在必要时申请贸易救济措施提供了很好的参考样本。

其次,面临引起贸易伙伴报复的风险。保障措施针对的是特定产业的正常贸易,因此,不可避免对若干个国家产生影响,在本案中,巴西、泰国、澳大利亚均是食糖出口大国,也是我国食糖进口的主要来源国,值得一提的是我国与澳大利亚、东盟(泰国是成员国)还建立了自由贸易区。因此对进口食糖的保障措施必将会伤害到这些国家的利益,尽管商务部贸易救济局分别与澳大利亚和巴西就食糖保障措施案进行了磋商,但如何在保护本国产业的同时不引起贸易伙伴的报复仍然考验着相关部门的智慧。

最后,保障措施的申请,为国产糖业的发展迎来了时间。根据WTO的《保障措施协议》,保障措施的实施期限不得超过四年,在本案中,我国政府裁定的对食糖实行保障措施的期限为三年,对关税配额外进口食糖征收保障措施关税的税率也是逐年递减的。贸易救济属于“救急不救穷”。我国食糖产业竞争羸弱,农户分散种植糖料作物,规模较小,。而巴西、泰国、澳大利亚食糖产业集约化和机械化水平较高,规模经济与成本优势突出,市场竞争性强。因此促进我国食糖产业的发展,靠限制进口远非长久之计,一方面需要我国各级政府不断深化供给侧改革,为食糖产业的发展提供源源不断的活力。另一方面保障措施为中国食糖产业赢得了宝贵的时间,相关企业需要抓住这一难得的机遇,通过技术进步与创新提高产量,提升质量,不断降低成本,苦练内功,迎头赶上,提升竞争优势,才能形成市场的良性循环,同时避免更多的贸易摩擦。(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】刘春生,中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院副教授、硕士生导师,兼任蓝源资本研究院副院长、中国特华研究院服务经济研究中心主任。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

(中新经纬版权所有,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其他方式使用。本文不代表中新经纬观点)

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