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人类距离生化机器人究竟有多远?

2017-05-26 10:10:54   经济参考报

智能设备嵌入身体,实时读取生理数据,机器比人更了解人自己……这个判断来源于近来炙手可热的畅销书《人类简史》,作者尤瓦尔·赫拉利认为,随着人工智能和生物技术的飞速发展,人机协同融合将在本世纪完全实现,人类未来生活将发生巨大改变。

事实上,人工智能从诞生之日起,就尝试在各个方面提高、延伸人的能力,人机融合的过程已经开始,并且还在加速前进中。作为人工智能领域的深耕者、第四范式创始人、CEO戴文渊认为,人机协同融合可以分为三个发展阶段,分别是感知融合阶段、行为融合阶段以及思想融合阶段。

第一阶段:感知融合

其实,我们已经走过了一个较为成熟的感知融合阶段。在这个阶段中,传感器作为核心组件出现,应用在不同领域和技术中,例如我们所熟悉的智能家居、视觉识别技术以及语音识别技术等。借助人工智能,人类的感知能力被成百上千倍地放大与拓展,被赋予了“眼观六路”、“耳听八方”的本领。与此同时,人工智能在该阶段完成技术积累,奠定下一步发展的技术前提。

第二阶段:行为融合

目前,人工智能领域最受关注的技术,是可以在工业界落地的技术。而这正是行为融合阶段,人机融合的本质——基于对人类“老师”的学习模仿,机器不知疲倦地训练和更新,最终在某种行为能力或工作能力上,实现对人类的补充和超越。例如在金融领域,人工智能就可在精准营销、风险防控、智能投顾等多个场景中,有效缓解人力不足、精力不够的局面。以智能投顾为例,过去因为人力成本高昂,金融机构只能为少数VIP投资者提供个性化理财服务。而现在,机器通过学习客户经理的投顾准则和经验,再经过自身超高维度模型处理,可以为顾客提供更加周到细致的理财建议,赢得顾客的信赖。不少业内专家都认为,在行为融合阶段,中国和美国等其他发达国家的研发差距在不断缩小,可以说该阶段是中国实现弯道超车的最佳时机。

第三阶段:思想融合

对思想融合阶段的阐述,与《人类简史》的观点颇为相似。关于这一阶段的探索,无论是国内还是国际,都尚处于起步阶段,没有太多成熟的理论和实践。也许未来,随着机器学习、生物传感器、脑机交互等技术的发展,这一融合过程将加速发生。人工智能程序可以在你出生后的每一天,从每一条短讯到每一秒心跳,都充分研究你,深得你心的人工智能,最终与你实现思想融合,替你作出更有利的选择,小到购物做品牌选择,大到像婚姻这种令人纠结的终身大事。

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