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汽车新材料市场规模或达数万亿

2017-05-18 12:14:07   经济参考报

中国科学院副总工程师赵丕植表示,新能源汽车轻量化有很多好处,首先能够增加续航距离,另外也可以降低成本。100公斤的减重可以增加10%左右的续航距离。同时,因为车身轻了,电池的重量也就能够减轻,从而降低成本。另外,减重可以缩短刹车距离,提高安全性能,如果引擎盖用铝合金进行轻量化,还有助于保护行人。

根据中国汽车工程学会之前发布的《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图》,未来将主要分三个阶段实现汽车的逐年减重。第一阶段为2016年至2020年,实现整车比2015年减重10%;重点发展超高强度钢和先进高强度钢技术,实现高强度钢在汽车应用比例达到50%以上。第二阶段为2021年至2025年,实现整车比2015年减重20%,车身采用钢铝等多种混合材料,增加镁合金和碳纤维零部件的应用比例,单车用铝量达到350kg。第三阶段为2026年至2030年,实现整车比2015年减重35%,重点发展镁合金和碳纤维复合材料技术,实现碳纤维复合材料混合车身及碳纤维零部件的大范围应用,单车用镁合金达到45kg,碳纤维使用量占车重5%。

同时,汽车轻量化也与节能减排存在直接关联。根据《规划》,到2020年,车企平均油耗必须降低到每百公里5升。经过统计估测,若令汽车整车重量减少10%,燃油效率就能提高6%到8%,而油耗如果能够下降到每百公里0.3到0.6升,氧化碳排放将降低5到8克。

对此,于凯说,汽车轻量化已上升到国家战略层面,不仅《中国制造2025》将轻量化列为节能与新能源汽车发展的核心技术,在工信部、国家发改委、科技部等国家部委相继发布的专项方案中,也多次对轻量化技术的发展提出了具体要求。而汽车轻量化目标的达成,离不开高强度钢、镁合金、高性能塑料和碳纤维复合材料等轻量化材料的应用,材料技术的创新与发展已成为推动整车轻量化技术革命的重要途径。

加快推进绿色制造

有机构预测,在汽车产业转型升级的助推下,汽车新材料行业的市场规模有望达到数万亿元。不过业内人士认为,在轻量化和汽车新材料方面,我国目前和发达国家还存在差距。这主要表现在:我国材料的品种、数量、性能与国外有很大差距;国内汽车行业特别是合资品牌有自成体系的供应商体系,国产材料企业进入非常困难,导致国内材料企业的发展明显滞后于汽车产业;材料和加工成本控制难度大,碳纤维等复合材料由于加工效率低,导致汽车部件和整车厂成本增大;我国还没有完整的新材料技术和产品标准,汽车企业和材料企业的融合不够。

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