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赵华林:大气污染治理要决心与魄力 更要智慧与耐心

2017-05-18 12:01:56   新华网

然而环境质量的阶段性取决于经济结构的阶段性。经济结构是第一性的,环境是第二性的,经济结构决定环境质量。雾霾问题不是我国独有的,美国洛杉矶、英国伦敦都早于我国出现雾霾问题,他们均是经过几十年的发展,经济结构调整了,城市化、工业化基本结束后,才实现了环境质量的根本改善。我国正处于经济结构转型调整的关键期,发展方式较为粗放,产业结构、能源结构不尽合理,在这一阶段,我国的一次性能源生产和消费70%源于煤炭,远高于发达国家20%左右的水平。目前,我国的煤炭消耗已由2000年的13亿吨左右,增长到了近40亿吨。燃煤排放的废气为雾霾的主要形成源之一,所以我国出现雾霾天气不足为奇。这意味着一方面我国的环境问题尤其是大气环境问题还很严重,亟需改善;另一方面也表明我国的大气环境将会跟美英等国一样必将得到改善。

经济结构发展的阶段性决定环境质量的阶段性,我们不能抛开现实谈环境,更不能跨越阶段说环境。但这并不是说,环境质量改善只能等待经济结构调整完成,达到合理阶段之后再来谈,而是要认清阶段问题和当下形势,面对雾霾问题,正确客观对待。首先,正确认知雾霾带来的身心健康问题,采取有效的应对防范措施,同时不夸大、不恐惧雾霾的存在,认清这是必然存在的阶段性环境问题,能够也必然会得到改善;不恐慌,不着急,为环境治理留出时间,这既有利于环境质量改善,也有利于经济发展。其次,不着急不等于不积极。虽然雾霾问题是不可避免的阶段性问题,但是绿色发展、低碳发展、循环发展不是一句空话,我们不能通过“等”来实现阶段性问题的跨越,需要积极作为,在现有条件下推进环境质量改善。

转型阵痛期,要看到政府治霾的决心和魄力

我国经济发展已进入增速换挡期、转型阵痛期和改革攻坚期,经济新常态下,面对经济下行压力,环保工作也面临诸多挑战,产业结构、能源结构调整,污染减排压力非常大。在面对生存和违法排污时,一些地方企业的治污决心和行动出现迟疑,有的企业甚至偷排污染物,造成监管难度加大、污染治理更困难。

但新常态的实质是经济发展进入高效率、低成本、可持续的中高速增长阶段,这要求我们探索出一条代价小,效益好,排放低,可持续的环保新道路,也为雾霾治理带来了机遇。

我们要充分认识经济新常态条件下雾霾治理压力和有利机遇,切实把思想和行动统一到党中央、国务院决策部署上来,进一步增强发展绿色产业的责任感、紧迫感、使命感。要围绕人民群众对环境友好型产品和服务的需求,以及因民众消费转型而引起的市场环境变化,重视环境治理设施投入、环保技术研发等问题,促进经济结构不断优化,产业层次不断升级,推进大气环境质量改善。企业要认清社会经济发展规律,看到经济新常态下我国政府治理雾霾的决心和魄力,主动承担起社会责任,积极配合污染减排,变被动为主动,克服困难、积极创新,尽快摆脱落后生产方式,步入集约化发展模式。

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