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“玩家”揭露利用比特币洗钱内幕:国内买国外卖

2017-05-17 09:21:43   法制日报

除此,据业内人士介绍,比特币还被用来进行非法资产转移——用本国货币买入比特币,在国外交易平台卖出,再以美元取出,几分钟就可以完成资产转移。

监管会越来越严

对于刘永来说,比特币场外交易的赚钱方法其实并不神秘,就是“搬砖套利”,通过国内外交易平台的价差,低买高卖来做套利。

刘永说,2013年,比特币有一波暴涨行情,国内外价差比较大,“最多的时候,一天在国外市场买了500万美元的比特币,然后在国内卖,当时价差达到了10%”。

火币网、OKCoin(币行)、比特币中国是目前国内三家最大的比特币交易平台。在很长一段时间里,一些交易平台数据显示,每天的比特币交易量甚至超过惊人的上百万个。不过,刘永说,这些数字中的水分很大,真实的比特币交易量远远没有那么多。

交易量虚高的原因也不神秘,就是几乎成为“行规”的刷量。业内人士介绍,一般来说,比特币交易平台刷量有三种方式:一是直接虚报交易量;二是设立账户,挂一个程序通过自交易的方式进行对倒,这种对倒表面上形成了交易,实质没有发生比特币转移;三是设立两个账户,通过程序实现两个账户之间的高频对倒。

刘永说,刷量在技术上很容易实现,只需要写代码就能完成。刷量的目的在于制造虚假繁荣,从而吸引更多投资方和聚拢用户。而要实现这一效果,与零手续费交易模式密不可分。交易平台此前普遍对比特币交易免费,只是在提现环节收取手续费。

在零手续费模式下,一些程序化交易用户利用代码、机器人进行自动交易,由于不同平台之间存在价差,而且交易平台又不收手续费,因此存在一定套利空间,也是造成比特币交易量超高的原因之一。

这种现象已经引起监管层的注意。2017年1月6日,中国人民银行上海总部和北京营业管理部先后约谈了火币网、币行(OKCoin)、比特币中国(BTCChina)主要负责人。5天后,中国人民银行联合调查组进驻三大交易平台,就相关情况进行现场检查。

此后,中国人民银行于1月11日下发通知,要求北京、上海两地联合当地金融局、工商局和公安局,组成执法检查组,进驻三家平台进行综合执法检查。

受访的业内人士几乎达成一致观点——“未来监管肯定会越来越严”。刘永认为,监管趋严将来自两个方向,一是客户身份验证会越来越严;二是交易平台的衍生业务哪些可以做哪些不可以,这方面会越来越严。

制图/李晓军    

□ 本报记者   赵  丽

□ 本报实习生 刘雪妍

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