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银监系统今年开出540余张罚单 信贷成“重灾区”

2017-05-15 10:52:45   中国经济网

如果说前者是“内外勾结”的话,后者几乎是银行自身亲手缔造,其核心思路便是“以贷转存”,而且这种打肿脸充胖子的扩表手腕几乎蔓延至全行上下,大江南北,仿佛成为众所周知的秘密。

据业内人士介绍,这一模式大体都是先抛给客户一个“蜜枣”,比如利率低、放款快,然后“克扣”客户贷款额度,回流入账,以极低的成本救了业绩补了头寸,循环下来一本万利。当然,银行的获利显然基于贷款人庞大的财务成本之上。

另外,就银监会公开信息分析,从管理层到营销一线,几乎整个信贷团队对房地产(固定资产投资)特别情有独钟,争先向固定资产贷款贷方砸钱。

灰色地带待监管

可惜的是,信贷业务违规,监管层的案由仅仅以“违规”二字一扫而过。而且,这些“幺蛾子”也基本上趴在农商行、村镇银行和农信社的罚单上。

这或许与城商行、股份行和五大行的现代银行经营管理体制成熟、获利渠道多样有关。当然,城商行、股份行和五大行舞弄信贷有相对高明的“作案”技巧:贷款用于支付银票保证金或归还银票垫款,毕竟,借款人利用银票保证金的杠杆循环融资的案例近年可谓琳琅满目,而比起中小银行,自然是大银行承兑的汇票在市场上更为叫卖。这种“信贷+票据”两大条线的“勾结”近来也为监管层提供不少猎物,查出一个再连带查另一个,收获可观。

除此之外,还有几例涉嫌信贷资产流转,利用监管层对盘活存量的鼓励腾挪资产,打不良资产出表的“擦边球”已有苗头,比如民生银行向资管公司转让个贷,公然“挑逗”监管文件,当然,这些伙同银行美化报表、隐匿不良的资管公司在银监会处罚公示栏里也都榜上有名。再比如,稽核问题,“五级分类不准确”、“违规调整分类”一类案由不时穿插其间。

有业内人士直言,信贷属中国银行业传统业务耕耘多年,而目前仍以利差为营收支柱的盈利气候未变,使得银行在探索信贷监管真空上呕心沥血。

而且,中国现代银行业很多业务创新还在草创阶段,不少徘徊在灰色地带的违规行为也许很难定性。对此,罚单内出现一个万试万灵的案由:“违反审慎经营原则”,也即《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》第四十六条第五款,这个条款自由裁量尺度非常大,大到遍布罚单,案由含糊的都能拿出这条捎上一笔。

(责编:贾兴鹏、夏晓伦)

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