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银监会出台政策补短板:银行理财监管套利空间将收窄

2017-05-10 10:48:05   

近几年,银行理财规模不断增长,其中蕴藏着较大风险。近期银监会接连出台监管政策,意在补齐监管短板。随着政策实施,未来银行理财的监管套利空间逐步收窄,同业理财类产品增速也将有所放缓

规模快速增长的银行理财正面临政策约束。

近期,中国银监会频繁发文,“强监管”信号明确,银行理财业务是本次防控风险、强化监管的重点领域之一。数据显示,截至今年3月末,银行理财产品余额为29.1万亿元,比年初增加958亿元,同比增长18.6%。

随着监管趋严,银行理财业务将不断规范。事实上,银行理财业务增速已经在放缓。虽然截至3月末银行理财产品余额同比增长18.6%,但增速较去年同期大幅下降34.8个百分点,而且理财资金投向非标准化债权类资产的余额占比也较2013年高峰时期大幅下降20.6个百分点。

  严格落实“三单”要求

当前,银行理财规模不断增长,其在服务实体经济、丰富融资模式、增加居民财富等方面起着积极作用,但规模过快增长也蕴藏着较大风险。

恒丰银行研究院研究员王丽娟说,目前来看,银行理财业务风险主要体现在杠杆率高、投向复杂以及存在刚性兑付等方面。“银行理财可通过场内债券回购等方式提高杠杆水平,甚至还有部分通过代持、抽屉协议等模式进一步放大杠杆,加大潜在风险。”王丽娟说。

王丽娟说,在投向上,银行理财资金经过层层通道,实现了多种形式的投资,所投资产可能风险极高。同时,由于存在“资金池”操作,银行理财未能实现真正的风险隔离,并且目前普通投资者也还无法完全接受“风险自负”,银行理财刚兑压力较大。

针对银行理财业务的风险,监管部门要求,加强银行理财业务风险管控。银行业金融机构应当确保每只理财产品与所投资资产相对应,做到单独管理、单独建账、单独核算;不得开展滚动发售、混合运作、期限错配、分离定价的资金池理财业务等。

“通过资金池操作,理财业务可以实现资产负债之间、期限、信用风险的错配,进而获取高收益,银行一直有冲动将理财业务开展‘资金池’操作。”中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼说,实践中,如何依据“滚动发售、混合运作、期限错配、分离定价”来认定资金池操作也存在一定困难,相关政策还有待进一步细化。

王丽娟说,通过对银行理财产品单独管理、单独建账和单独核算,可杜绝理财产品的“资金池”操作,降低理财产品的期限错配,有助于引导理财产品向开放式净值型产品转型。真要将“三单”要求落到实处,既需要监管引导,也需要做好金融消费者的相关教育和健康理财观念的培育,降低理财产品刚性兑付的社会压力。

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