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“老干妈”核心信息遭泄露 盘点各国如何保护商业机密

2017-05-14 18:30:18   

再把视线转向俄罗斯。全球华语广播网张舜衡表示,在俄罗斯市场化改革的进程中,技术秘密也被称为商业秘密、生产秘密、贸易秘密,其相关保护的改革最为引人注目。由于无单行法规,改革前俄罗斯技术秘密保护仅在民法典中做原则性规定,因此保护力度较弱。改革后,俄罗斯于2004年7月29日制定了制定了联邦法案第98号《俄罗斯联邦商业秘密法》。根据该法第11条规定,员工必须执行企业主建立的商业保密制度。

根据该法第11条规定,员工必须执行企业主建立的商业保密制度,不得泄露秘密, 且未经他们的许可不得使用该信息,即便是在劳动合同终止后, 职工在合同所确定期限内, 或者劳动合同终止后三年内, 不得泄露所拥有的商业秘密。如果因职工过错而泄露商业秘密, 应当赔偿企业主因此而遭受的损失。然而现实是一般被泄密后,根据俄罗斯刑法,在处罚金额方面最多80万卢布,约合8万5千元人民币,或18月工资,有期徒刑达到10年。但区区80万卢布的罚金相比较于企业泄密后的损失,往往不值一提。更重要的是存在一个举证难的问题,比如企业主必须证明完善的保密制度,缜密的保密合同,提供被告人泄漏机密的直接证据,而且诉讼环节还可能造成更多机密泄露的隐患。如果泄密的损失在可控范围内,泄密者在公司的重要性又及其关键,很多企业会进行内部处理的方式,比如极力弥补损失、员工待遇减免和再培训、扣除工资、增加工作时间等。相比较于可能长达10年的监禁,泄密者也会倾向于内部解决。

2013年8月15日,莫斯科城市法院判处了一起泄露商业秘密的案件,一家粮食贸易公司的市场发展部经理,因为使用公司邮箱发送商业秘密至私人邮箱,导致大量公司机密文件泄露,给公司谈判造成巨大损失,且该员工的劳动合同中明文规定了不可泄露雇主一切商业秘密。最终法院判处该员工1年半劳动改造,且罚款其每月工资15%。

最后看澳大利亚。澳大利亚观察员胡方介绍,澳大利亚的企业都非常注重商业秘密的保护。而且当地公司一般都会购买网络保险以此来尽量控制损失。

澳大利亚企业都非常注重商业秘密的保护,一些企业特别像是一些澳大利亚的酒庄和一些著名餐厅更是将酿造红酒的细节和食物配方作为企业致胜的关键,非常注意保密。通常在员工入职合约当中,都会包含保护企业内部信息的条款,而一些公司会以利益冲突为原因限制自己员工在同行处兼职,以防止商业秘密外泄。而随着互联网时代的发展,很多澳大利亚企业已经意识到互联网络可能是商业、企业信息安全的一个新的威胁。根据2016年的一份调查,在之前两年澳大利亚公司购买网络保险金额整整飙升168倍,这些保险一方面可以保护澳大利亚企业在网上免遭实际金钱损失,比如被黑客入侵银行账户,窃取资金;另外一方面很多商业机密作为无形资产网络外泄也是澳大利亚企业购买网络保险数量激增的一个重要原因。

澳大利亚规范商业秘密主要依循的是澳大利亚《竞争与消费者法》,而澳大利亚的竞争与消费者委员会是商业秘密外泄行为的监督机构,决定是否向联邦法院提起诉讼。胡方透露,企业商业秘密外泄的新闻在澳大利亚并不少见。

企业、商业秘密外泄的新闻在澳大利亚也算比较常见,比如在2012年澳大利亚税务局就曾经发生过一次乌龙的外泄事件。当时税务局出版部在公开招标价值900万的未来三年的宣传手册的印刷和发行服务供应商时,将其中一家投标公司的商业机密数据误传到谁都能够看得到的政府采购官方网站上了。这件事情的后继处理产生了一定争议,税务局在进行法律咨询之后,最后作出真诚道歉的决定,但是被泄密的这家公司认为,因为自己已经造成了损失,所以光道歉是没有用的,需要进行赔偿;很可惜随着时间的推移,追讨赔偿也就变得不了了之了,最终这次泄密事件也仅仅只是以道歉收尾。

(责编:朱江、伍振国)

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