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新业态劳动者权益如何保障?专家:加大劳动监察力度

2017-05-13 08:36:15   检察日报

原标题:新业态下劳动者权益该如何保障

专家观点

◇只要劳动者在工作时间、工作地点等方面服从平台公司的安排,且在工作中收到了酬劳,就应该认定双方是劳动关系。现实中,不管是主播按直播次数收取提成,还是快递员计件取酬,这些都算作酬劳,只是发放形式不同而已。

◇平台公司可以制定奖惩条例,但不能凭主观意愿随意扣除劳动者的工资。

◇社保全覆盖是今后发展的方向,现在需要逐步推进。在规范快递公司用工行为的同时,人社部门需要加大对基层快递网点的劳动监察力度。

90后“网红”女主播4个月收入1万多元却因没完成绩效任务反被索赔30万元;逾百万快递从业人员中,有相当数量的人没有签订劳动合同……近年来,随着“互联网+”的兴起,网络主播、快递员、网约车司机等各种新兴用工形态也多了起来。然而,由于劳动关系、劳务关系、代理关系、加盟关系混杂其中,新业态下劳动者的权益往往得不到有效保障。为此,记者采访了西北工业大学人文与经法学院副院长、教授杨云霞及北京市京师律师事务所律师王亚男。

新业态下劳动者与平台公司属于何种关系

自2016年4月以来,在已宣判的多起主播与直播平台间的劳动纠纷案件中,均牵扯到劳动关系的认定问题。用工法律关系边界模糊不清,意味着平台公司可以规避部分法律风险,也意味着劳动者的薪酬甚至安全得不到有效保障。新兴行业劳动者与平台公司之间到底属于哪种用工关系?又该如何认定?

对此,王亚男表示,新兴行业劳动者与平台公司之间应该属于劳动关系。在司法实践中,劳动关系的认定主要有三个条件:第一,用人单位和劳动者都有符合法律规定的主体资格。第二,用人单位制定的各项劳动规章制度适用并约束劳动者,劳动者从事用人单位安排的各项工作。第三,劳动者的工作是用人单位业务的组成部分。因此,只要劳动者在工作时间、工作地点等方面服从平台公司的安排,且在工作中收到了酬劳,就应该认定双方存在劳动关系。现实中,不管是主播按直播次数收取提成,还是快递员计件取酬,这些都算作酬劳,只是发放形式不同而已。

杨云霞认为,新兴业态下的劳动者与平台公司属于何种用工关系,还应具体情况具体分析。以主播为例,主播分成签约、合作分成和独立操作三类模式。签约模式下,网络平台跟主播签订劳动合同,主播为该平台服务并接受管理,平台向主播支付一定报酬。该模式下,双方建立的是劳动关系。合作分成模式,指的是直播平台与主播双方约定分成比例,直播平台不对主播进行劳动管理。独立操作模式下,普通人可以通过实名注册成为网络主播,自由活动,几乎独立于直播平台。后两种模式下,双方之间不是劳动关系。

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