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产业寒冬、收入下降 东北产业工人群体咋样了?

2017-05-09 10:20:52   

在岗位焦虑中显“契约意识”

记者走访的几家国企都提出了减员、分流指标,虽然有一部分在企业内分流消化,但仍有一部分会面临下岗。职工普遍存在担心被减员或被减薪的岗位焦虑。记者发放的调查问卷显示,90%的工人担心丢饭碗、收入减少。

“企业现有员工1万多人,据说未来要减少一半,还有部分要培训转岗。哪些人下岗,哪些人转岗,下岗了有啥说法,这些都是工人关心的。”一位制造业工人说,近两年效益差,许多工人月工资不到2000元,但还舍不得离开,有着很深的国企情结。

东北一位国企工会负责人介绍,企业高端优质人才经常被挖墙脚,尤其是技术成熟的高级技师在市场上很抢手,而一些低技能人员不钻研技术混日子,对本职工作缺少热情和付出,企业对此要更多考虑“出口”安置问题。“光从理论层面设计改革政策是行不通的,还得多听职工意见,之前的一次改革就因为考虑简单、职工不接受而流产。”

与此同时,产业工人的“契约意识”不断增强。“根据劳动法等规定,企业必须在工作环境、医疗、最低收入等方面提供保障。同时不能采取直接强行买断等措施解除劳动关系。”一位国企工人表示,工友们依法维权的观念不断提升,但也有部分混日子的人变得更难管理,成为企业深化改革、可持续发展的难题。

此外,不少企业减员增效后,部分职工感到“工作量越来越多、收入增幅不明显”,改革积极性受挫。一位工人技师说,“给多少钱干多少活,按市场规律议价”已成普遍共识,眼下减员分流后干活的人越来越少,承担的工作任务几乎是过去一倍,但收入没有明显增加,积极性显然受影响。

在多元选择中“工人世家”减少

记者在大庆油田、哈电集团、中国一重等东北老工业企业走访发现,“油三代”、“工三代”的产业工人世家随处可见。不少80后工人的祖辈就是“老会战”或“一五”建厂期间的元老,但不少受访的年轻产业工人表示,不再希望子承父业。有专家也分析指出,近年来东北地区传统工人世家渐减,尤其几轮国企改革后,区域传统产业工人规模出现了下降。

“不会再让孩子当工人了!”一位国企青年劳模说,工人群体的失落感不断增加,身边一些老工友激励孩子学习时都会说“好好学,不然就得像我们一样当工人,又苦又累”。

调查问卷显示,有4成人认为“有矮人一截的自卑感”。他们认为,自身社会地位相对较低,收入低、保障差、发展空间有限。

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