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多地出台共享单车指导意见 长远看或更利好ofo

2017-05-04 17:29:45   华龙网

第一个大棒,对于共享单车专业资金账户的监管。《意见》中明确指示,要保障承租人资金安全。收取押金的,企业须在本市开立资金专用账户;公示押金退还时限,及时退还承租人资金;中国人民银行营业管理部加强对企业资金专用账户管理,防控承租人资金风险。

显而易见,北京市政府要对广大民众最为关心的押金及余额账户的问题给予严格的资金监管,杜绝任何用户资金发生风险和问题的可能性。就在日前,摩拜不是已经和招行达成合作,建立资金押金托管账户了吗?是的,但从《意见》要求来看,这还不够,还需要中国人民银行,也就是央行的营业管理部加强对企业资金专用账户管理,这等于是对共享单车企业自己选择合作的银行托管账户再加上一道保险。

近期来因为用户押金去向问题,摩拜已经饱受质疑,而质疑的根本出自于摩拜自己公布的数据:日订单量已超过2000万,累计骑行次数超过6亿次,车辆投放总数超过300万辆。众所周知,摩拜的车型造价高,保守估计单辆车成本1800元,那300万辆就是54亿元,但摩拜至今为止累计融资近30亿,不算上运营成本,还存在25亿的资金缺口,这资金缺口从何而来呢?

人民日报也曾发文质疑:摩拜单车注册用户已达数千万量级,每个用户押金为299元,哪怕只有1000万用户押金长期存放,保守估计,摩拜接收的押金总额都接近30亿元。摩拜单车没有足量的反担保车辆,一旦管理不善造成金融风险,极有可能引发消费纠纷,也不利于社会稳定。一边是25亿元资金缺口,另一边是30亿元的押金,这怎能不会引起社会各界的质疑,是否有涉嫌用押金造车之疑?

在《意见》落地之后,这个在社会各界质疑声中都没有问出来的问题,相信在政策的强压之下必然会水落石出,给广大民众一个准确的答案。

不过,新的问题来了。假如真的是涉嫌用押金造车,那么花费大量押金造车之后,押金就会出现缺口,面对新规,该怎么弥补这个缺口呢?再假如,若押金保存完好,不存在缺口,那么参照摩拜公布的“300万辆”造车数据,姑且不考虑资金来源问题,试问摩拜之后还有足够的资金流去闪展腾挪吗?

好,刚才说的是第一个大棒,接下来说第二个大棒——三年强制报废,尤其是杭州市意见稿明确指出,投放的车辆至多使用三年,必须被强制更新。什么意思?这就是说,摩拜花费了较高成本打造的共享单车,不管造车花了多少钱,都需要在使用三年后就强制报废。这个规定会让摩拜上下惊恐吗?

不妨先算一笔账,就向上文中所讲,摩拜一辆单车的造成成本大概是1800元,如果一辆单车平均每天骑行4次,收入是2元钱,那么一个月收入是60元,一年的收入是720元,三年的收入就是2100元左右。也就是说,按照1800元的造车成本,摩拜一辆车使用三年产生的毛利只有300元左右,毛利率还不到造成成本的20%。如果在去除各项车辆耗损与维护成本,以及人员、办公、营销开支等各项支出,摩拜还有利可图吗?

当然也有很大的可能,单辆摩拜单车每天的使用频率不止4次,可能6次、8次,在去除各项开支之后,摩拜至多也只是做到了一定的微利,但是3年之后,摩拜还会有强大的底气或是资金流再来一个这样的微利轮回吗?投资人又是否会有这样的耐心呢?

面对这两个大棒的威慑,不知此时此刻摩拜会是怎样的心情,又不知在酝酿怎样的对策。造更好的车,保证更好的车况,让骑行者更放心,这样的初衷确实非常的好,但共享单车归根结底也是一种商业行为,无论心怀怎样的初衷,商业总有着商业的逻辑,无论梦想多么伟大,但处理好投入和产出的关系这都是最基本的考虑。

责任编辑:费琪 CN001
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