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长江中游航道整治工程和长江通航能力建设调查

2017-05-02 16:35:10   

记者了解到,除了生态护坡本身的工艺外,对于方格中撒种什么类型的草籽,科研人员也颇下了一番功夫。考虑到水位因素,他们不断尝试,从引进国外品种夭折到移植长江本土物种,最终挑选出了能够在洪枯水考验中存活的十多个种类,保证了种植效果。

“长江流域生态环境事关中华民族长远未来,关乎长江经济带的可持续发展。”交通运输部水运局副局长姜明宝表示,生态环境保护在荆江航道整治工程中占有重要地位,“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”的指导思想贯穿始终。

记者在采访中得知,荆江河段水生生物种类多样,鱼类资源十分丰富,有“四大家鱼”及其他鱼类的产卵场、索饵场、育幼场,还有七星台镇水厂、新厂水厂等7处生活饮用水源保护区以及5处漂流性卵产卵场。何传金介绍说,为了最大限度保护鱼类产卵和底栖生物繁衍生息的生态环境,护滩工程使用了护岸鱼巢砖、透水框架,这种结构可以为水生生物和两栖动物提供安全的繁衍生息空间。此外,还积极调整施工时间和方式,如缩短沉排、抛石等水上施工时间,避让鱼类的产卵期以及中华鲟、豚类洄游期。

唐冠军表示,荆江航道整治生态工程专门列出了生态建设环境保护资金2.68亿元,共修复218万平方米,实现了水岸滩生态恢复与重建。“事实证明,通过这些措施,长江经济带荆江河段航道整治工程对生态保护不仅没有构成破坏,还改善了生态环境。”唐冠军说,据监测,4年多来,在3个国家级保护区内,国家一级保护动物江豚数量较开工前增加15头,麋鹿增加207头,国家“四大家鱼”产卵场相对稳定。

运力提升 黄金水道功能日益凸显

“目前长江已成为世界上运量最大、通航最繁忙的河流。”站在荆江河段航道现场,交通运输部长江航务管理局副局长魏志刚告诉记者,2016年,长江干线货物通过量23.1亿吨,占全国内河的三分之二,稳居世界内河首位,长江航运在我国内河航运中的重要性不言而喻。

为了打通制约长江通航能力的中游“卡口”,“十五”以来,我国先后在荆江河段实施了13个航道整治项目,总投资近60亿元。通过治理,荆江河段的航行条件得到了明显改善。2009年,该段航道的枯水期维护水深一举突破延续了56年的2.9米,达到3米。如今,荆江航道枯水期航道维护水深已提高到3.8米。

“长江中游航道寸水寸金”。据测算,航道水深每提高0.1米,2000吨级货船可多装载170吨左右货物,利润可提高10%。“对于航运企业来说,荆江河段的航道治理给我们带来的经济效益是实实在在的。”长航武汉汽车物流有限公司总船长何伟举例说,以运送汽车为例,一艘船的运量从最初的百余辆到现在的千余辆,经济效益可以提升几十万元。

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