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快递垃圾成不可忽视污染大户 一次性使用导致回收难

2017-04-27 10:55:21   经济参考报

记者发现,很多快递存在过度包装的现象。在湖北、北京、天津等地,多名快递企业的快递员告诉记者,快递包装包括多种材料,除了纸箱、塑料袋之外,还有大量用于填充易碎物的塑料泡沫、用于固定的胶带,以及快递单据等。特别是为了避免商品因运输过程损坏造成争议和退货麻烦,大量商家“宁多勿少”, “里三层、外三层”增加防护,导致包装材料增长。而这些塑料泡沫、胶带等包装,多难以降解。

另外一个现象是,一次性使用导致“回收难”。记者了解到,对于消费者而言,由于网购的商品增多,快递的包装使用后多是直接丢弃;目前并没有针对快递包装的回收体系,国内的大型连锁快递公司大多尚未开展相关业务,“回收难”问题长期存在,循环利用不易实现。

黄伟介绍,目前,沈阳市一些快递行业正在推进快递包装纸箱循环利用的行动,主要是快递员在配送快递的过程中,对包装纸箱进行回收利用。“一般的是一个纸箱一元钱,从客户手里回收快递纸箱,循环利用。”不过,目前只有少数几家大型快递企业正在进行这项行动。“这需要循序渐进,得有一个时间过程。”黄伟说。

急剧增长的快递包装,不仅带来了巨大的资源浪费,也带来了严重的环保问题。如何处理这些快递垃圾,已成为不容回避的问题。受访专家及业内人士建议,多措并举加强综合治理。

首先,完善相关标准,规范快递包装材料,倡导可回收包装。湖北省政协委员万毅曾建议,有关部门尽快出台快递包装相关环保标准。他说,2011年,国家邮政局发布《快递业务操作指导规范》,规定快件包装应当使用符合国家和行业标准的封装用品,但其中没有具体标准,也没有回收指引等措施。“下一步,应当明确规定禁止使用非环境友好材料用于快递包装,从源头减少有害包装材料的使用量。”

其次,遏制快递“过度包装”,细化相关规定要求、增强执行力。多位受访专家介绍,上世纪90年代,德国出台了《包装废弃物管理办法》,提出包装废弃物管理应按照“减量化、再利用、再循环、最终处置”的顺序进行,并设定了不同包装废弃物的回收目标和时限。如,80%的包装废弃物和100%的运输包装必须回收利用。此外,美国、英国、法国、日本等国家都有规定,限制内容很具体,这些做法,可以借鉴。比如包装物的体积超过物品的体积必须低于十分之一;包装物的重量不能大于被包装物;包装物的价值不能高于被包装物。

再次,出台优惠政策,鼓励企业和消费者参与快递垃圾回收。辽宁社会科学院低碳发展研究所所长毕德利认为,减少快递行业包装垃圾,需要快递企业树立环保节能的理念,通过回收包装箱等方式进行循环利用,加强创新,使用可降解可循环的包装物代替传统快递包装箱、袋等。

专家指出,快递垃圾如果造成环境污染,治理的成本会非常高,与其把经费用于事后治理,不如出台相应的优惠政策,一方面,鼓励企业加强环保包装材料的技术研发;另一方面,鼓励快递企业更多地应用可回收材料,并探索快递装配、运送、回收、再利用一体化机制。同时,对于消费者,也要加强宣传教育,并鼓励电商采取快递包装换积分、换优惠等形式,提升快递包装的回收利用率。

本版稿件除署名外,均由记者刘硕、关桂峰、翟永冠、巩志宏、梁建强、孙仁斌采写

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