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微信平台赞赏的法律边界在哪 如何避免沦为收钱手段

2017-04-27 10:53:54   检察日报

如何避免赞赏沦为“收钱”手段?

目前,微信拥有大约8亿的稳定用户,使用赞赏功能的用户群体在逐渐增大。与此同时,有人担心当公众号作者为国家工作人员时,赞赏功能可能会为受贿提供便利,使之成为新的“收钱”手段。对此,北京京师律师事务所高级合伙人封跃平表示,客观上的确有这种可能,若双方事先有过约定,或者通过后台赞赏功能修改了默认金额、重复多次赞赏等,都有可能符合相应犯罪的主客观构成要件。但是,不能因此否定国家工作人员享有通过微信接受赞赏的权利,落到实际案例中,应当具体问题具体分析。

“只要文章有新观点,言之成理,论之有据,不泄露国家机密,不涉及公民个人隐私,我认为官员或公职人员接受赞赏并没有什么不当之处。但是,如果官员或公职人员靠自己的公职身份,编辑整理后转一篇属于公共知识领域范畴的内容,还有不少人赞赏,且金额巨大,那就有可能涉嫌腐败。”刘俊海告诉记者。

对于不少具有赞赏功能的平台而言,赞赏功能的初衷,在于表达对原创文章和观点的支持,促进打造更高层次的内容生态,以吸引更多的用户阅读流量。知识付费一方面体现了社交生态领域的变革,另一方面也说明中国越来越多的年轻用户和中产阶层愿意为知识付费,对知识产权的发展和维护不能不说是一大利好。

“对喜欢的事物付钱是公民的自由,但受赏人不得违反国家法律和公序良俗。由于缺乏相应的规定,赞赏功能很容易被利用,走向另一个极端,即存在欺诈、骗捐,甚至是非法集资。此外,对个人账户资金安全也可能会构成潜在的风险,比如,微信转账所关联的账号有可能被木马病毒入侵等。”北京京润律师事务所主任张志同接受记者采访时表示。

封跃平建议,为了避免损害社会公共利益或者他人利益的行为出现,应督促类似平台方及应用开发者,根据客观情况不断完善相关功能的后台技术设置和使用制度规范。

平台赞赏应否缴税?

事实上,除了微信公众号的“赞赏”功能之外,还有许多平台开通了赞赏功能,例如知乎live、微博赞赏及分答等,这些平台的赞赏功能是否要缴税也引起了业内的讨论。

腾讯曾公开表示,在赞赏功能中,腾讯只是网络服务提供者,为微信用户实现自愿就公众账号用户发布的文章内容赠与款项以示鼓励的行为提供相应技术支持和支付结算渠道的功能。至于税费,目前尚无明确法律法规对此有具体规定。腾讯仅作为提供信息发布功能的中立平台方,赞赏用户应自行依法缴纳各种税费。

对于互联网赞赏缴税问题,有人认为,个人之间赠与现金行为,目前受赠人暂无缴税依据,即一个自然人从另一自然人处取得的赞赏收入,暂不需要缴纳个人所得税。也有人认为,赞赏所得属于个人所得税劳务报酬征收的范畴,按照《个人所得税代扣代缴管理办法》第五条“扣缴义务人向个人支付应纳税所得(包括现金、实物和有价证券)时,不论纳税人是否属于本单位人员,均应代扣代缴其应纳的个人所得税税款”,应该由微信等平台代扣代缴。不过,也有声音认为,互联网平台不是法定的扣缴义务人,没有权利和义务代扣代缴,这些额外收入需要接受赞赏者自行申报。

杨兆全认为,正常的赞赏属于商业行为范畴,应当缴纳个人所得税。但是,目前对于平台赞赏金额缴税尚无明确规定,到底应该如何来缴,缴纳多少,如何保障双方权益等,还处于规范空白之中。但是,对于接受赞赏者无论是个人还是企业,都应当按照所得税劳务报酬征收相关规定进行缴税。

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