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经济缓中趋稳 供给侧改革成效显现

2016-12-30 11:13:35   

2016年前三季度形成了经济增长L型走势的弱平衡格局,但供给侧的结构性问题和深层次矛盾并没有完全解决,2017年经济增长仍有下行压力。应抓住经济缓中趋稳的时机,进一步实施积极有效的财政政策和稳健灵活的货币政策,创新宏观调控方式方法,在保证国内需求基本平稳的前提下,深化供给侧改革,增强经济发展的可持续性,化解经济中潜藏的风险,使经济运行保持在合理区间。

1.把握金融与实体经济之间弱平衡格局,继续坚持稳中求进的总基调

针对弱平衡格局的脆弱性,2017年经济工作的总基调可以继续设定为稳中求进。“稳”,就是保持经济运行在合理区间,重点是防止经济增速下行突破底线,做好托底政策;“进”就是要通过供给侧改革,创造新供给和新需求,建立适应新要素供给特点的经济运行体制机制,促进经济转型升级,通过实体经济的平稳增长逐步化解房地产市场的潜在风险。

2.把握供给侧结构性改革与稳增长之间的平衡,突出供给侧结构性改革主线

有效协调稳增长与促改革两大目标。“十三五”期间,加快供给侧结构性改革是主线。为保证改革顺利推进,需要创造良好的宏观经济环境,保持短期经济稳定增长。目前我国经济下行压力仍然较大,稳增长任务艰巨。对宏观经济加强预调微调,注重相机调控和灵活调控,需要更好协调稳增长和促改革两个目标。突出供给侧结构性改革主线。供给侧结构性改革是“十三五”期间中央经济工作的一条主线,稳定短期经济增速的目的是为改革创造良好环境,是为改革服务的。通过改革竞争,完善产权保护制度、最大限度调动各方面的积极性,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。严格按照党的十八届三中全会所做出的系统部署,扎实深入地推进各项改革。增强改革的系统性、协调性、衔接性。经济领域的改革通常需要多位一体协同推进,然而各构成元素的难易程度却并不同等,应防止改革不同步的情况。

3.把握总体经济增长与区域性发展之间的平衡,降低各种结构性矛盾。

(1)加大力度推进区域经济结构调整。全国产业结构和区域经济布局的高度,采取有效措施协助这些地区淘汰落后产能、破除发展瓶颈、建立充满活力的市场机制、增强政府服务功能,大力推进这些区域的经济结构调整,促进区域性经济衰退早日结束。(2)在统一城镇化发展规划的前提下,因城而异制定房地产调控政策。房地产市场冷热不均的根本原因是地区差距和城乡差距。要着力推进均衡发展和协调发展,缩小区域性地区差距和城乡差别,推进公共服务均等化,以产业发展带动科学合理的城镇化;统一协调推进户籍制度、社会保障制度、公共医疗和教育制度,引导人口合理有序流动,因城而异制定房地产调控政策,缓解房地产市场严重分化的局面,化解局部城市的潜在泡沫风险。(3)通过改革化解城镇就业的结构性矛盾。继续推动“双创”,妥善解决结构性失业。依靠加大“双创”鼓励力度解决一批,通过开展针对性的职业技能培训解决一批,再通过社会政策托底一批。以户籍制度改革为重要抓手,扎实推进建立全国统一的劳动力市场,进一步促进劳动力跨区域流动。人力资本投资力度继续加大,为适应和引领知识和技术密集型的未来劳动力市场积蓄动能。

4.把握财政政策和货币政策的平衡,继续坚持积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策

财政政策可以更好地体现结构性政策的作用。一是扩大赤字规模,进一步提高财政赤字率。二是坚持五大发展理念,根据经济转型的目标要求,削减不合理开支,优化财政支出结构,加强PPP投融资力度,重点支持民生、创新、绿色发展等领域。三是继续处理地方政府和固有企业债务,通过债务置换、规范化债转股等举措,降低地方政府和国有企业债务杠杆。稳健的货币政策需要与积极的财政政策配合,保持利率位于适度的低水平,提供市场流动性,降低融资成本;同时通过结构性的信贷政策防止流动性过多产生资产泡沫;积极应对美国加息的影响,加强资本管制,保持汇率在可控制范围内基本稳定;同时密切关注PPI上涨对CPI的影响,防止PPI过快上涨传递至CPI演变为消费物价的过度波动。

(课题组负责人:高培勇 执笔人:汪红驹 汪川)

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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