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养老金入市脚步渐近 股市将添“理性压舱石”

2016-12-29 11:02:47   

养老基金入市规模有多大?各方研究成果不尽一致。比较乐观的华泰证券认为,养老基金入市规模将达万亿元,初始入市规模约为3000亿元。2015年,我国基本养老保险基金累计结存39937亿元,同比增长12.0%。以2015年底基本养老保险基金累计结存值为净值以及上限30%计算,理论上大约可有11981.1亿元的规模。依据可供运营管理养老资金2万亿元与初始投资A股比例15%计算,预计初始养老金入市规模约为3000亿元,约占当前A股流通市值的0.77%。

招商证券则认为,理论上来算,养老基金中最多有1.2万亿元资产可以进行权益投资:从过往两年来看,目前养老基金收益仍高于支付,随收随付不需要额外预留支付费用,4万亿元的累积结存可以全部进行投资,其中最多30%可以投资权益资产。然而这1.2万亿元只有7%会在近期入市。

“养老基金首批签约托管规模很有可能在2000亿元至3000亿元之间,初期进入股市的规模估计为200亿元至300亿元。”董登新表示,事实上,首批签约托管规模多大并不重要,问题的关键是基本养老保险基金终于打通了资本市场之路。

“短期内对A股整体的直接影响(即增量资金推动)相对较小,主要影响在于提振市场信心。”华泰证券首席策略分析师戴康对《证券日报》记者表示,中期来看,伴随更多批次的委托省市与社保基金理事会签订合同,养老金增量资金逐步注入A股,有望协同房地产市场溢出资金逐步推升供给侧慢牛行情。

专家认为,养老基金是“理性压舱石”,将为A股注入万亿元的增量资金,有助于通过优化投资者结构而改善A股投资环境,推动形成价值投资观念、增强市场的稳定性,促进我国资本市场的健康有序发展。

养老金风险容忍度更低

偏爱优质蓝筹股

“基本养老保险基金入市应将流动性与安全性双重目标放在首位。”董登新表示,与作为战略储备的全国社会保障基金相比,基本养老保险基金必须满足“现收现付”的日常需要,组合投资周期不如全国社保基金那样长远。因此,其资产配置需保持更高流动性。为稳妥起见,最初应以固定收益证券投资为主,将来再逐渐扩展至股票投资。

戴康也认为,养老基金的配置风格类似社保基金,但风险容忍度更低、流动性需求更高。“从社保基金投资配置风格看,A股行业配置风格以价值板块为主,新兴成长为辅,今年三季度社保基金持仓最高为医药和传媒。”戴康指出,从社保基金个股选择偏好看,持仓占比较高的个股特征为流通市值高、盈利能力较强、估值较低、防御属性强,即多为大盘股、低估值蓝筹股、行业龙头股。

上海证券也认为,养老基金资产作为典型的长线投资资金,安全性是其考虑的主要因素,加上首批养老基金运作备受瞩目,有极强的示范效应,预计首批入市的养老基金将更注重收益的稳定性。对于A股市场来讲,长期稳健经营、市场地位稳固的优质蓝筹股有望受到首批养老基金的青睐。

“养老基金作为重要的机构投资者,具有很强的低风险偏好,追求长期稳定收益,而且会有源源不断的资金注入,很少频繁换手,将开启价值投资的开关,牵引追求长期收益性的投资理念,对短期投机心理将是一个巨大的抗衡力量,有利于减少股指波动的幅度,遏制频发大起大落,市场投机机会将会减少。”郑秉文表示,养老基金投资将逐步成为资本市场的压舱石,带动优质资金进入资本市场,不断提高资本市场的质量。

(责编:孙阳、杨迪)

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