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疲弱!世界经济寻求增长动力

2016-12-23 16:55:45   

目前世界经济存在诸多风险,其中包括金融业的脆弱性。由于经济增长不再像以往那样依赖出口驱动,对许多国家而言,国内需求成为带动增长的更加重要的驱动器,中国就是一个明显的例子。

  结构失衡

  贸易萎靡

2008年以来全球贸易减少一半以上,贸易保护主义的兴起难辞其咎

凯瑟琳·斯提芬(欧盟委员会市场贸易分析专员):自2012年以来,全球贸易量大幅放缓。据世界贸易组织最新预测,相比国内生产总值(GDP)2.5%的增长率,今年全球贸易额增长率仅为1.7%。这是近15年来全球贸易增长率首次显著低于GDP增长率。

全球贸易增长放缓,除了周期性原因以及全球投资乏力等因素之外,经济增长放缓特别是新兴市场国家经济增速下降,使得收入增长缓慢,最终导致消费需求不足,成为全球贸易放缓的一个重要因素。此外,新兴市场国家的工资水平不断上涨,以及一些新兴经济体消费者向更高级消费市场转移等,都阻碍了供应链和贸易方面的国际市场细分,使全球贸易量增长受到影响。

全球贸易重获动力,需不断挖掘全球贸易新的增长点。服务贸易、电子商务等领域的迅速发展,将逐渐成为拉动全球贸易增长的新动力。此外,继续推进全球贸易多边谈判也是主要措施之一,降低全球贸易成本以及各国削减贸易壁垒促进贸易便利化也将对推动全球贸易增长起到积极作用。

屠新泉(对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院院长):世界贸易增速放缓的原因是多方面的,总体可分成需求和供给两个方面。从需求面来看,一是世界经济增长进入周期低谷,增长缓慢,全球需求不足;二是全球价值链的发展进入收缩期,其分工深化所带来的边际效益递减。从供给面来看,主要是制造业生产技术突破有限,没有出现新的大规模的产业。而随着各国城市化的发展,资源进一步向服务业转移,由于服务业难以跨国交易的特性,无法带来相应的贸易增长。此外,贸易保护主义的兴起,也是导致贸易减速的重要原因之一。

弗雷德里克·埃里克松(欧洲国际政治经济研究中心主任):世界经济长期萎靡不振,贸易保护主义难辞其咎。有研究认为,贸易壁垒是导致2008年以来全球贸易减少一半以上的主要原因。正如欧盟贸易委员马尔姆斯特伦女士所说,贸易保护主义在很多时候是建立在想象、而非事实的基础上,世界各国需要客观分析自己所面临的经济挑战,并主动为塑造经济全球化努力,而不是被动等待全球化,更不是逆全球化而动,将自己与世界经济隔离起来。

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