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中国仿制药正步入国际主流市场 一致性评价成闯关关键

2016-12-23 10:33:02   

与会代表分析认为,目前仿制药与原研药等效性相比还有一定差距,面临的最大难题是“一致性评价”。我国仿制药不仅与原研药存在差距,甚至与其他国家的仿制药都存在一定的差距。

RDPAC(研制开发制药企业协会)代表、阿斯利康中国总裁王磊表示,我国仿制药存在的主要问题是数量众多但质量参差不齐,与原研药相比疗效差异显著。同时,还存在产能过剩、无序及恶性竞争、劣币驱逐良币等问题,让患者和医生对仿制药的疗效失去信心。

王磊说,由于不同厂家的原料药存在诸多差异,仿制药在溶出、分布、吸收、代谢、稳定与安全性等方面与原研药可能存在差异,进而影响仿制药的疗效。

“由于原研药制剂工艺处于保密状态,仿制药只能根据其处方组成和给药途径,自行进行制剂工艺研究和验证。”一位药企负责人向记者说,我国仿制药制剂工艺相对还不成熟。

此外,在市场准入方面,仿制药需要达到与原研药具有相同的生物等效性后才可上市。目前,我国许多仿制药研发的过程中存在参比制剂不统一、生物利用度考察不完全等问题,导致仿制药的质量、安全、生物等效性受到质疑。

在面临多重难题的情况下,开展一致性评价成为仿制药实现突破的关键。与会代表认为,随着一致性评价在我国的开展,仿制药的质量研究正在从“仿标准”向“仿产品(原研药)”转变,只有这样才能确保仿制药的质量和疗效与原研药一致。

对于一致性评价中生物等效性的临床试验,药物临床试验机构将是更重要的一环。与会药企代表反映,目前来说,找临床实验医疗机构最为急迫,“困难很大”。

北京世桥生物制药有限公司副总裁刘亚利说,现在临床实验项目多、时间紧、任务重,临床资源紧缺。实施备案制以后,新的机构开展生物等效性试验可能存在经验不足、多学科联系不够、医学人员参与时间太晚等问题,而一致性评价过程是系统工程,即使在国外的临床试验成功率也不到80%,所以临床试验的监察和质量控制更为重要。

一致性评价未来前景可期

“在从严把握上市许可的同时,国家食品药品监督管理总局正在开展已上市仿制药的一致性评价,把已上市药品与原研药和国际公认的药品进行对比,使其在质量和疗效上可以实现与原研药的相互替代。”吴浈说,这项工作并不是中国独有,美国在20世纪60年代、日本在20世纪90年代都相继开展了类似工作。

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