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此外,月应纳税所得额8万元以上适用最高边际税率45%,这是1994年税制改革时确定下来的,已经过去20多年。目前,美国、巴西、俄罗斯、印度、越南个税的最高边际税率分别为35%、27.5%、13%、30%、35%。
中国社科院财经战略研究院研究员杨志勇认为,工资薪金所得适用税率需要大幅调整,个税改革应该定位为减税改革。基于国际人才竞争等因素,世界范围内调低个税最高边际税率是大势所趋,比照发达国家和其他金砖国家,我国个税的最高边际税率应该大幅度下调,同时将适用于最高税率的月应纳税所得额调高到20万元或更多。
具体而言,杨志勇建议可以将相应税率调整为:月应纳税所得额在5000元以下,适用3%的税率;5000元至1万元,适用5%的税率;1万至5万,适用10%的税率;5万至10万,适用15%的税率;10万至20万,适用20%的税率;20万元以上,适用25%的税率。
中国社科院财经战略研究院副研究员蒋震也对《经济参考报》记者表示,工薪所得的最高边际税率应该调低,缩减其与劳务报酬的税率差距。此外,中等收入的划分依据,目前还没有权威说法,在他看来,需要根据不同地区的发展情况,制定具有区域特色的中等收入标准,一线城市和省会城市、三线城市、县城的收入水平不同,此外,收入标准也要和支出即福利水平相结合,提出一个“中等福利”的概念。
在他看来,本轮财税改革的背景,已经不同于改革开放之初需要“做大蛋糕”的任务,而是解决伴随收入水平提高而带来的“收入差距扩大”这一经济社会发展中日益突出的问题。
张连起指出,在深化财税制度改革,建立现代财政制度的过程中,相对其他税制改革,个税改革可以说是风险最小、获益最大的突破口。个税的破题,符合我国全面建成小康社会、实现收入翻番的迫切需求,对于保障改善民生具有积极的作用。
(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)
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