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未来哪些税降低?税负变化如何影响你的钱包

2016-12-22 16:51:21   

中金公司梁红团队发布的报告指出,个人所得税改革将在2017年落地,此次改革未必降低居民部门总体税负,但会改善收入分配,促进消费增长。

房地产税:近期内或难出台

近几年,政府将开征房地产税的传闻不绝于耳。

12月16日闭幕的中央经济工作会议提出,“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”。为此要加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的基础性制度和长效机制,既抑制房地产泡沫,又防止大起大落。一些专家认为,房地产长效机制的重要组成部分就是房地产税。

全国社会保障基金理事会理事长、财政部原部长楼继伟今年7月份在G20成都财长行长会议上曾强调,虽然所有税制和房地产税制改革仍面临诸多困难,但下一步将义无反顾地推进。

据媒体报道,华夏新供给经济学研究院院长贾康在第十二届中国证券市场年会上表示,中央的文件中,凡是成为白纸黑字的权威表述,一向是坚持这个改革方向的。

不过,多位专家预测,房地产税的推出并非一朝一夕。

盛松成18日在2016-2017中国宏观经济形势分析与预测年度报告会表示,由于房地产税设计复杂,几年内难以推出。国务院参事、中央财经大学税务学院副院长刘桓也表示,房地产税出台时机选择要极为慎重,其推出会对市场产生多大影响需要深思熟虑。经济学家马光远则表示,五年内出台房产税的概率非常低。

多位专家认为,房地产税开征后应该设计免征范围,只针对超出个人基本住房需求以上的部分征税,有可能按照1.5﹪(1.5﹪的税率被认为是世界通行做法)的税率计算。贾康则表示,可从第三套开始征收,在一些房地产市场过热的一二线城市先行实施。

环保税法出台加速:污染企业成本上升

征收了30多年的排污费即将退出历史舞台,中国或将迎来第19个税种——环境保护税。让污染者付费,对于污染企业来说,经营成本将会上升。

楼继伟此前对草案说明时指出,环保税立法按照“税负平移”的原则,将现行的排污费制度向环保税制度转移,而现行排污费收费标准将成为环保税的税额下限。环保税纳税人为直接向环境排放应税污染物的企事业单位和其他生产经营者,征税对象为大气污染物、水污染物、固体废物和噪声等4类。

12月20日,第十二届全国人大常委会第二十五次会议对环境保护税法(草案)进行了二审。其中,对上浮适用税额的上限或适用税额的幅度做出规定,以10倍为限,以避免地区间税负差异过大。即大气污染物为每污染当量1.2元至12元,水污染物为每污染当量1.4元至14元。此外,为鼓励企业通过采用先进技术减少污染物排放,纳税人排放应税大气污染物和水污染物的浓度值,低于国家和地方规定的污染物排放标准30%的,减按75%征收环境保护税。低于国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准50%的,减半征收环境保护税。

楼继伟表示,2003年至2015年,全国累计征收排污费2115.99亿元。专家表示,环保税标准高于排污费,意味着每年征收环保税的规模理论上可达500多亿元。(中新经纬APP)

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