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明年钢企或迎大范围整合 全行业盈利难解去产能压力

2016-12-22 09:38:53   

也有业内人士指出,钢价上涨的背后,主要是资金的热捧。黑色系产品今年在期货市场吸引了大量资金。例如,螺纹钢主力合约4月21日成交量达到2226万,成交金额超过当日沪深指数总额。

 走势 未来钢材需求持续减少

尽管2016年钢材消费量与2015年相比有小幅增长,企业效益多数转亏为盈,现回暖迹象,但陈洪冰认为,上涨是短期现象。他预测,未来十年钢材消费量的下降将快于产能减少量,这意味着,未来十年间钢材需求量将不断减少。

数据显示,中国钢材消费在2014年峰值7.02亿吨后平缓下滑,到2020年,我国产能消费量5.95亿吨,到2025年,消费量将减为5.52亿吨,2030年将仅需4.92亿吨。

而冶金工业规划研究院近日发布的“2017钢铁需求预测报告”也显示,预计2017年我国钢材实际需求量约为6.6亿吨,同比下降1.5%。

中国钢铁工业协会副会长迟京东介绍,“十二五”期间,我国钢铁产能达到11.3亿吨左右,重点大中型企业负债率超过70%。此外,粗钢产能利用率由2010年的79%下降到2015年的70%左右,钢铁产能已由区域性、结构性过剩逐步演变为绝对过剩。

在此背景下,我国开启“十三五”去产能计划。据统计,今年多省提前完成去产能目标,甚至完成了整个“十三五”时期的任务,已公布成绩的26个省份合计退出炼钢产能7271万吨。

但冶金工业钢铁研究院院长李新创指出,不能因为去产能任务超额完成、价格回暖,就动摇了去产能的决心。“淘汰不会影响总体供给,必须毫不留情淘汰落后产能、地条钢。以安阳钢铁为例,其一年钢铁产量150万吨,但仅在河南安钢产品的成交量就高达850万吨,原因则是存在众多地条钢的冒充。”

此外,陈洪冰表示,2016年去产能多指的是无效产能,也就是已长期停产的闲置产能。具体来看,目前压减4500万吨产能中,有73.5%的产能已经处于停产状态,仅有21%的产能仍正常生产,且有不少是今年市场有所缓和才生产的。

陈洪冰介绍,按已落实至具体企业的26个省市来看,14个省市所压减产能均为无效产能。仅河北、江苏、山东、河南无效产能占比低于50%。“因此,2017年压减产能更为重要。”陈洪冰说。

正因为去产能的紧迫性。日前工信部发布钢铁工业调整升级规划(2016-2020年)。指出到2020年我国严禁新增钢铁产能,停止建设扩大钢铁产能规模的所有投资项目,结构调整及改造项目必须严格执行产能减量置换。

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