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民间高利贷的隐秘真相 直击民间金融“跑路风”

2016-12-22 09:20:36   

“聪明的高利贷者,现在都休息了,因为银行不放钱。”姚将军说,这种情况下,你承诺多高的利息,再怎么保证,倒贷这事也会变得越来越危险。

银行

高利贷生意“成也银行,败也银行。” 银行放贷出来的钱,相当比例被转手流入高利贷渠道。“一笔看似有抵押的正常贷款,骨子里可能已经烂得不行了。”

十多年的高利贷经历,在钱生钱的游戏中摸爬滚打,姚将军看惯了民间资本江湖的风风雨雨,对当下高利贷生意的急转弯,总结出了8个字:“成也银行、败也银行”。

姚将军说,“我估摸着现在的流动性紧张,也是由于高利贷造成的。银行放贷出来的钱,有相当一部分进入了高利贷渠道,尤其是城商行。”

虽然姚将军的看法难以核实,但他举了自己身边的例子:一个做高利贷的朋友租了一间办公室,注册了几十个公司,利用这些公司去不同银行贷款。这位朋友从银行贷出的钱,成本(月息)1分,但他再贷出去,就可以赚好几倍,几乎是“空手套白狼”。

“这家银行来了,就换成这块牌子,那家银行来了,就换成另一块牌子。”姚将军说,其实上门的银行信贷员也知道这些事情。但现在银行的生意也不好做,放给高利贷公司的风险反而比放给实业的要小,还能增加信贷员自己的业绩。

姚将军还在几位银行人士那里了解到,现在国家信贷支持农业、环保等中小企业的政策也被钻了空子,不少高利贷公司就频繁地去收购这些快不行了的企业,或者直接跟它们合作。付出一定费用后,贷出钱来对半分。

“这类小企业,每家最多可以从银行贷出3500万,但贷出来后,它们多半没办法花完。”姚将军说,其实这些小企业资产已经烂得不行,加上经济形势不好,就算是用足这些钱,也是根本救不活,还不如将贷来的钱借给高利贷公司,自己收些好处。

“银行被骗贷出去的钱真不少。”姚将军说,但是从账面上看,还真难查出问题来。

姚将军起底了银行的做法:“很简单,银行放贷都是有资产抵押的,问题就在抵押上面。”比如银行借出去100万,但债务人还不起,事实上就变成了坏账。但银行会想办法让这个贷款一直存续下去,比如找人帮忙将账给还上,再利用原抵押物做续贷。还旧借新,表面上看,这笔贷款就看不出有什么问题来。“行长在任期内就可以这么干,只要在他任期内不出事就行了,到继任者来出事了,他可就不管了。”

高利贷公司的老板,从来都不会用自己的真实身份去从银行弄钱。要么是用手下员工的名义,要么利用刚招来实习大学生的名义,利用抵押物从银行贷款出来。还有更恶劣的,就是拿几百块钱雇车到农村拉一车村民出来,给他们一些小恩小惠,然后借用他们的身份证去银行运作贷款。“如果最后出了事,从法律上没依据找到他。”这种事情时有发生。

总结十多年的高利贷生涯,姚将军说自己就得出这么一个感悟:“你放钱给他,是想赚他的利息;他借你的钱,是想赚你的本金。就是这么一场斗争。”

(记者 朱文彬 韦承武 陈俊岭 夏子航)

(责编:乔雪峰、夏晓伦)

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